32.cram vt. 把……塞满，

[例句] The hall was crammed with many people standing. 这大厅里挤满了站着的人。
She crammed for her history exam.她死记硬背以应付历史考试。
It's dangerous for too many people to be crammed into a bus.公共汽车超载人员是危险的。

[记忆法]crammer n. 为应付考试而实施填鸭式教学的补习班；为应付考试而编的教科书；强记功课的应付考试的学生。

[考 点]习惯用法：cram into/cram up (with)填塞，勉强塞
Tom crammed papers into a drawer.汤姆将文件塞入抽屉内。
The suitcase is crammed up with clothes.箱子塞满了衣服。

33.stack n. 一叠（堆、垛等），v　摞；叠；（与up连用）排长队

[例句] a stack of papers 一摞报纸　a stack of books 一大堆书　a stack of hay　一堆草
a stack of people　一群人　a considerable stack of evidence　大量的证明材料
Traffic stacked up for kilometers. 车辆排了几公里长。
The floor was stacked high with piles of books.　地板上高高地堆放着书籍。
Traffic was stacked up for miles because of the accident.　由于车祸, 车辆被阻塞了好几英里。

[记忆法]词形比较：stick n. 棍 v. 刺，戳 stark adj. 将硬的；完全的

[典型考题]There's a whole _____of bills waiting to be paid. [B]
A. stock B. stack C. number D. sequence

[试题分析] 译文：有一大堆账单等着要付。stock库存，备料，股票 number 数目，数字（whole number 整数；用number表示"许多"时，其修饰词一般用a (large) number of ） sequence序列，次序，连续

34.band v. 捆扎，结合

[例句] They are banded together closely by ties of common interests.　他们由于共同利益而紧密地联合在一起。

[记忆法] 合成法：bandsaw n. 带锯 bandmaster n. 乐队指挥 bandsman n. 乐队队员 bandwagon n. 乐队车 rubber band 橡皮筋

[考 点]习惯用法：band together/with 结伙，结合
They banded together to protest.他们联合起来抗议。
We banded with others to do this.他们伙同他人做这件事。

[典型考题]The ______ played until midnight. [C]
A．bank B. bend C. band D. brand

[试题分析] 译文：乐队演奏到午夜。band 乐队 bank 银行；岸；堤 bend 弯曲，曲折处 brand 商标，标记

35.takeout adj. 出售外卖（菜）的

[例子] takeout pizza.　外卖的比萨饼　a takeout counter; 出售食品的柜台；
takeout containers.外卖食品的装具

[记忆法] 合成法：动词十副词构成复合形容词，这种构成方法很少见，一般情况下，动词十副词应构成复合名词。如：break-though n. 突破；主要成就 get-together n. 聚会

36.range n. 1)范围, 区间

[例句] There exists a wide range of different opinions among the committee members.
委员会成员的意见有很大的分歧。
Leather shoes range from $10 a pair.皮鞋售价每双十美元起。

　　　　　　(2)n. （枪的）射程

[例句] The target is out of /beyond range.这靶子在射程以外。
What is the range of your gun? 你的枪的射程有多远？

[记忆法] 词形联想：arrange v. 整理；安排 arrangement n. 计划；安排 derange vt. 使混乱

[考点]习惯用法：out of range 在射程之外
That bird is out of range. 那只鸟在射程之外。
in/within range在射程内
The enemy plane came in range of our guns.敌机进入我们的射程。

[典型考题]The new technology has opened up a very wide ______ of possibilities. [A]
A. range B. extent C. number D. collection

[试题分析] 译文：新技术增加了广泛的可能性。a range of 指"范围很广的"，是一个固定搭配。Extend也可以表示"范围"，但是通常指具体的一片"范围"，如an extend of grassland一大片草地；number和collection不合题意。

37.marvelous adj.奇妙的 [同]wonderful, astonishing

[例句] Perhaps the most marvelous building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace.
也许19世纪最不寻常的建筑物要算`水晶宫'了。
What an marvelous idea! 多么奇妙的想法!

[记忆法] 派生法：marvel n. 奇妙的事物 marvel vi. 对……惊讶 marvelously adv.惊奇地，不可思议地

38.know better than: be wise or experienced enough (not to do) 明事理而不至于（做某事）；很懂得（而不至于）

[例句]She is old enough to know better than to spend all her money on clothes.
她的年龄使她知道不该把钱统统花在买衣服上。
You should know better than to play volleyball in the classroom.
你很明白不该在教室里打排球。

39. steak n. 牛排，大块肉（或鱼片）

[例句] They had a beef steak for dinner. 他们晚餐吃了炸牛排。

[记忆法]词义联想：pork n. 猪肉 mutton n. 羊肉 beef n.牛肉 veal n.小牛肉 chicken n. 鸡肉

40.sour adj. 酸的，v. 变酸，使变酸

[例句] The fruit was too sour to eat. 这水果太酸了，几乎不能吃。
If you leave milk in the sun, it goes sour quickly. 如果把牛奶放在阳光下，它会很快变酸。

[记忆法] 词义联想：sweet adj. 甜的 bitter adj. 苦的 peppery adj.辣的 hot adj.辣的 salty adj.咸的

41.eel n. 鳗鲡

[例句] There lives many eels in the river. 这条河里生长着许多鳗鲡。

[记忆法]归类记忆：ribbonfish n. 带鱼 carp n.鲤鱼 shark n. 鲨鱼 sardine n. 沙丁鱼 perch n. 鲈鱼 grass carp n. 草鱼

42.diplomacy n. 外交；外交手段

[例句] The union leader needed all his diplomacy to settle the quarrel between the employer and the employees.　工会领导人使尽所有交际手段才平息了劳资双方间的争吵。

[记忆法] 派生法：diplomat n. 外交官 diplomatic adj. 外交的；圆滑的 diplomatically adv.圆滑地 diplomatist n. （=diplomat）

[考 点]diplomacy为不可数名词。

43.encouraging adj. 鼓舞人心地 [反] discouraging

[例句] This is an encouraging advance in medical research. 这是医学科研取得的鼓舞人心的进展。

[记忆法] 派生法：encourage vt. 鼓励 encouragement n.鼓励，支持

44 be at: be occupied with, be doing 从事，忙于

[例句]：He doesn't like to be disturbed while he is at work.他工作时不愿被别 人被打扰。
Go and see what those children are at. 去看看孩子们在干什么。

45.dent n.凹痕；初步进展 [反]bulge　v. 凹进穿入

[例句] There is a dent in a car. 车上有一个凹痕。
Tin dents more easily than steel.　锡比钢容易变瘪。

[记忆法]词形比较：dental adj.牙齿的 dentist n.牙医 denture n.假牙

[考点]习惯用法： make a dent (in)：
(1) make less by a very small amount or reduce slightly; make a first step to wards success in sth.略为减少；开始有进步或进展
The purchase of a car only made a dent in her income.
购买轿车只花掉她的收入一小部分。
I haven't even made a dent in the job of paining the house.
油漆房子的工作我还没有动手呢。
(2) damage sth by causing it to have the mark of a blow or hole in it.使产生凹痕
The crash was not serious, but it made a dent in the car door.
车撞得虽然不厉害，但车门上留下了凹痕。
Bullets made a dent in the soldier's steel helmet.
子弹在这个战士的钢盔上留下例许多凹痕。

46.reproduce vt.生殖，繁殖

[例句] Birds reproduce by laying eggs. 鸟类由产卵繁殖。

[记忆法] 派生法：reproducible adj. 可复制的，可再生的 reproduction n.复制者，有再生能力的动物。
前缀re-放在动词前，表示"重新，再"的意思。如：reprint vt.重印，再版 retell vt.重述 rethink vt.再想

47.harm n.& v. 伤害 [同]damage, hurt

[例句] Did the storm do any harm to the corn? 风暴损害庄稼了没有？
The child fell over but came to no harm. 小孩跌倒了，可是没伤着。
Our dog won't harm you. 我们的狗不会伤害你的。
Getting up early won't harm you! 早起对你没有坏处。
I have never harmed anybody. 我从未伤害过任何人。

[记忆法] 派生法：harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的

[辨析]harm与damage：
harm(伤害)主要用于有生命的东西；
I don't want to harm you. 我不想伤害你。
damage(破坏)主要指对价值和功能的损害，主要用于无生命的东西。
The earthquake damaged all the buildings.地震破坏了所有的建筑。

[典型考题]Drinking too much can ______one's health.
A. harm B. hurt C. injure D.wound

[试题分析] 译文：喝酒过量会危及身体健康。harm 伤害，损害，指人的外表、健康、精神等的伤害；hurt使肉体受伤或疼痛，也指感情受伤害；injure 指意外事故的伤害，也可以用于抽象意义；wound多指刀、枪伤

48.audience n.观众，听众

[例句] Three thousand audience crowded the concert hall.三千名听众挤满了音乐大厅。
The audience is/are always very excited by a wonderful goal. 一个精采的进球总会使观众们非常激动。

[记忆法] 派生法：audible adj.听得见的 audibly adv.可听见地。 audibility n. 能听度 audio这一个前缀为"听觉地、声音的"之意。

49.snarl vt.咆哮着说

[例句] The dog snarled at the stranger. 这条狗对陌生人狂吠。

[记忆法]词形比较：snare n.罗网，陷阱 gnarl n.节；瘤

50.bonus n. 奖金, 意外收获

[例句] The workers got a Christmas bonus. 工人得到圣诞节奖金。
The win on the pools was a real bonus. 赌博赢钱真是意外收获。

[记忆法] 词义联想：reward n.报酬 wage n.工资 salary n.薪水 allowance n.津贴 pocket money 零花钱

51. cut into: reduce, decrease减少

[例句] I shall have to cut into my saving to pay for the holiday.
我将不得不拿出一部分储蓄作度假用。
Frequent work stoppage has greatly cut into the efficiency of the plant operations.
频繁的停工已经使工厂的工作效率大大降低。

52.thoughtful adj.沉思的，思考的；体谅的 [同]considerate [反]thoughtless

[例句] It's very thoughtful of you.你太细心体贴了。
It was thoughtful of you to bring flowers. 你带花来真是考虑周全。

[记忆法] 派生法：thoughtfully adv. 沉思地；体贴地 thoughtfulness n.体贴 thought n.思考，思想

53.cash n.现金

[例句] Have you any cash? 你有现金吗？
The shop has a cash flow of $30,000 a month.这家商店的流动现金为每月三万美元。
Excuse me, but I've no cash on me. Can I pay by cheque? 对不起,我身边没带现钱,能不能用支票支付?

[记忆法] 词义联想：credit card 信用证 cash desk 付款台 cash flow 资金周转 cashier n. 出纳员 sash register 现金出纳机

[考 点]习惯用法： cash on delivery货到付款 to pay in cask 以现金方式支付

[典型考题]I have no _______ with me, may I pay by cheque?
A. cash B. currency C. cast D. current

[试题分析] 译文：我随身没有带现金，可以用支票付款吗？cash现金；currency指在各个国家内流通使用地货币；cast投，扔，掷等；current水流，电流，气流等

54.activist n. 激进分子

[例句] They are political activists. 他们是政治激进分子。

[记忆法] 派生法：active adj.积极的 activity n. 积极性，活动 transact v.办理，处理 react v.反应

55. have no business: have no right or reason无权，没有理由

[例句]You have no business to read my books without getting my permission.
没有得到我得允许，你无权看我的书。
Tom had no business to treat me like this. 汤姆无权这样对我。

56. settle for: accept, although no altogether satisfactory(无可奈何地)满足于，接受……

[例句]Do you settle for being an ordinary housewife？
你以为她甘心情愿的作一个家庭主妇吗?
He demanded a hundred dollars but settle for half that amount.
他要求一百元，但只得以得到半数而了结。

57.competitive n.竞争的

[例句] He is a highly competitive sales representative. 他是一个有强烈竞争意识的销售代表

[记忆法] 派生法 :compete v.竞争 competence n.称职，胜任 competent adj.有能力的，胜任的 competition n.竞赛，竞争 competitor n.竞争者

[辨析]：competitive和competent:
competitive一般指事物的性质
He took competitive examinations for government pasts.他参加例公职甄选考试。
competent指人有能力、技能去做某事。
Is Miss Li competent to teach French？李小姐能教法语吗？

58.organizer n.组织者

[例句] The organizer of the trade fair was confident of the success. 展会的主办方对成功有很大把握。

[记忆法] 派生法：organize v. 组织，筹划 organization n.组织 organized adj.有组织的；有器官的

59. mediation n.调解

[例句] The dispute was settled by mediation.　经调解使争端得以解决。

[记忆法] 派生法：mediate v.居中调停，斡旋 mediator n.调停者，斡旋者
词形比较：meditation n.沉思，考虑

60.party n. 团体；一伙人；一方，当事人

[例句] The teacher is taking a party of children to the library. 老师正带领一队孩子去图书馆。
Did you enjoy Alice's birthday party?　在爱丽丝家举行的那次生日聚会上你玩得痛快吗?

[记忆法] 派生法：partisan n.同党，党羽 partner n.伙伴 partnership n.合伙 partake v.分享，分担 participate v. 参与

61.gradually adv.逐渐地 [同]step by step

[例句] The business recovered gradually in the autumn season. 生意在秋季逐渐地恢复。

[记忆法]联想记忆：gradual adj. 逐步的，逐渐的 degrade v. 降级，堕落 upgrade v.提升，升级 downgrade v.降低地位；贬低

62.shrink vi. 缩小，减少，变小

[例句]The dress shrank when I washed it. 这件衣服洗后缩水了。
The dog shrank from the whip.　那狗退缩以躲避鞭子。
He shrank with cold.　他冷得缩成一 团。
The cloth shrinks in the wash.　这布一洗要缩水

[记忆法] 词义联想：contract v.收缩，缩短 compress v.紧压，压缩 condense v. 浓缩，凝缩

[辨析]shrink，contract，compress，condense：
shrink尤指布的缩水。
Those jeans will shrink in the wash.那些牛仔裤洗后会缩水。
contract 使物体遇冷收缩，或内力作用下的紧缩。
Metal contract as they become cool。金属遇冷收缩。
compress指外力挤压，使物体尺寸缩小。
Air is compressed in the pump.泵里的空气压缩了。
condense指液体浓缩，或气体凝结成液体。
Steam condenses to water when it touches a cold surface.水蒸气触及冷的表面便凝成水。

[典型考题]The woolen sweater ______ after the wash. [A]
A. has shrunk B. has shrunken C. has been shrunk D. shrink

[试题分析] 译文：羊毛衫水洗后缩水了。shrunken也是shrink的过去分词离开，但常用定语，"皱缩的"

63.deadline n.最后期限

[例句]The deadline for this project is the end of this month. 本项目的最后期限是本月月底。

[记忆法] 合成法 ：dead（死亡）十line（线）->如果不完成就得死亡->最后期限

64. settle one's account: pay with on owes结账

[例句] He settled his account before he left the restaurant. 他离开饭馆前结了账。
I settled accounts with that mail-order bookstore.
我和那家从事邮购的书店每月清一次帐

[辨析]settle one's account with sb. ： avenge oneself for an injury报复
He will settle his account with you in the end. 他最终会报复你的。

65. like 1）vt.喜欢
2）prep. 像
3）Adj. 类似的

[例句] Tom likes his father. 汤姆喜欢他的父亲。
Tom looks like his father. 汤姆像他的父亲。
They have like attitudes toward this matter.他们对这件事的态度很相似。

[考点]习惯用法：着重词类的区别。

66.station wagon n.小型客车，客货两用车

[例句] The company bought a station wagon. 公司购买了一辆客货两用车。

[考 点]wagon为美语拼法，英国英语中该词的拼写为waggon。

67.minimum adj. 最低限度的数、量等

[例句] You must get a minimum of 40 questions right to pass the examination. 你最少必须答对40道题才能通过考试。
The minimum pass mark in the examination is 60 out of 100. 考试的最低及格分数是100分中答对60分。
They want to spend a minimum of both time and money.　他们想花费最少的时间和钱。

[记忆法] 派生法：前缀mini-表示"小"：miniature n. 小型画像；缩图；缩影 adj.小型的，缩小的 miniaturist n.小型画像画家 minimal adj.最小量的，最低程度的 minimize vt.将……减至最小量或最低程度 minute adj.极小的 n.分钟 minimum n.最小值，最低限度（[反]maximum） maximum n. 最大值（量） diminish v.减小，递减

68. quite a while: a fairly long time 不太短的一段时间

[例句]I waited outside for quite a while. 我在外面等了一会儿。
On hearing the news, he cried for quite a while. 听到那个消息，他哭了好一会儿。

69. draw (sb.'s) attention to: make sb. notice, or be aware of 引起某人的注意

[例句]She tried to draw my attention to her new hairstyle.
她企图让我注意她的新发型。
He draws my attention to a point I had overlooked.
他提醒我注意我忽略了的一点。

70.odd adj.奇怪的 [同]strange [反]usual

[例句] It's odd that he hasn't telephoned me. 真奇怪，他没给我打电话。

[记忆法] 派生法：oddly adv.奇怪；成奇数地 oddity n.奇怪，怪人 oddment n. 残余之物，零头 odds n.可能的机会；争吵

[考 点]习惯用法：be at odds (with sb.) (over/on sth.) (为某事)与人争吵
He was at odds with his boss over his wage.他为工资和老板争吵。
odds and ends零碎杂物
The room is full of odds and ends.房间里满是零碎杂物。

[典型考题]It's quite ______ that until now we didn't receive her reply. [D]
A. odds B. queers C. peculiar D. odd

[试题分析] 译文：真怪，至今我们陡没有受到她的回音。odd奇怪的，常指一反常态或出乎意料，因而引起人"诧异，稀奇，有趣"的感的；strange最为常用语，指与平常习惯不大相同。

71.goings-on n.发生的事情，举动

[例句]　We are closely observed the goings-on in the region.我们正密切关注着那个地区发生的事情。

[记忆法] 合成法：go on = happen, 发生 on-going adj.继续的，进行的

[考 点]合成名词构成复数时通常只将里面所包含的主题名词变为复数。如：looker(s)-on 旁观者 runner(s)-up 亚军 son(s)-in-law女婿 editor(s)-in-chief 总编辑

72.carton n.纸板箱

[例句] They sent us a carton of eggs. 他送了一纸箱鸡蛋给我们。

[记忆法]词形联想：carton n.卡通，漫画

73.curbside n. 人行道附近

[例句] Do not stand on the curbside of the road. 请不要站在道路的人行道旁。

[记忆法] 合成法： curb service送食物到人行道边汽车乘客手上的服务；curb exchange场外交易

[考 点]curb的另一种拼法为kerb。Curb作动词时有"抑制"之意。
You should curb your patience. 你应该抑制自己的不耐烦。

74. assume v. 猜测

[例句] He didn't come t any English classed that semester, so I assumed that he wasn't taking the final exam.他一学期都没有来上英语课，所以我猜想他也不会来考试的。

75.enlist vt.取得……支持和帮助；征募

[例句] Can I enlist your help? 你能帮助我吗？

[记忆法] 派生法：前缀en- "使"：encourage鼓励, entitle 赋于权利

[考 点]习惯用法：enlist (in/for), 获得，得到……支持
They enlisted in the chairman's sympathy and help in a charitable cause.
他们获取了主席对慈善事业的同情和帮助。
They enlisted the mayor's support in the campaign for women's rights.
他们获取了市长对女权运动的支持。

76.trash n.垃圾 [同]rubbish

[例句]　They threw the left food in the trash bin. 他们把吃剩下的东西扔进了垃圾箱。

[记忆法] 词义联想：　dustbin n.垃圾箱 dustman n.清洁工 refuse collector n.垃圾清洁工 dustcart n. 垃圾车 litter n.垃圾，杂物 waste .n.废物 ，垃圾

77.pickup n.小卡车（皮卡车），轻型货车

[例句] The factory will manufacture pickups this year. 该厂今年将生产皮卡车。

[记忆法]词组pick up有搭载之意->pickup为小卡车

[考 点] pickup的复数形式为pickups。在俚语中还有"偶然认识的人"之意。
He's just a pickup.他只是偶然认识的。

78.overhear vt. 偷听，无意中听到 [近]eavesdrop窃听

[例句]　They overheard them talking about the plan. 他们无意中听到他们谈论计划。

[记忆法] 派生法：前缀"over-"加于动词前，有"过分"之意。如：over-burden v.使负担过重 over-dress v. 过分装饰 overdo v. 做太多或过分 overstate v. 夸大叙述 overall adj. 全面的，综合的 overcome v.克服，战胜

[辨析]：overhear和eavesdrop：
overhear强调无意中听到，
I overheard that she was going to be married next month.我无意中听说她下个月结婚。eavesdrop通常是故意的。
He is fond of eavesdropping.他喜欢窃听。

79.finance n.财政，金融，财源；资金

[例句] People who work in banks know about finance. 在银行工作的人懂金融。
Unless we get more finance, we'll have to close the branch offices.如果得不到更多的资金,我们就不得不关闭所有的分支办事处。

[记忆法] 派生法：financial adj. 财政的，金融的 financially adv.财政地，金融地 financier n.财政家，资本家

[考 点]习惯用法：finance house/company金融机构，金融公司

80.sale n.销售，大减价销售（削价处理）

[例句] He got four pounds from the sale of his drawing. 他卖画得了四英镑。
This year's sales promotions haven't been very successful.今年的推销不十分成功。
The shoe shop is having a sale this week.
这家鞋店本周减价销售。

[记忆法] 词义联想：sell vt. 卖 buy vt.买 deal/ transaction/trade/business n. 交易 salesman/saleswoman n.售货员（女售货员） salesmanship n.推销术，销售术

[考 点]习惯用法：(up) for sale待售
Is the house (up) for sale?此屋出售吗？
All the books on the shelf are for sale.书架上的所有书均出售。
I shall put these goods op for sale.我将把这些货物公开出售。
On sale 出售的
Grapes are on sale now.现在葡萄上市了。
Although the book has been published, it won't be on sale until next Friday.
书尽管已经出版了，但直到下星期五才有售。

81. for rent: available to be rented 供出租

例：The sign on that house says "For Rent." Shall we find out the price?
那房子挂着"供出租"的牌子，我们去看看价格怎么样？
Are all these furniture for rent?所有这些家具都出租吗？

82. be done with: stop doing or using; finish做完；不再使用

[例句]Have you done with my pen yet?我的钢笔你用完了没有?
We have done with the hammer.我们已经用完锤子了。

83. may/might/could as well: with equal or better effect不妨，还不如

[例句]You may as well tell me the worst.你不妨把最糟糕的情况告诉我。
We might as well stay where we are wait for him.我们不妨呆在原地等他。

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