1. or other:表示不肯定或者是不精确的意思，常常和something, someday和somehow一起使用。

[例句] I bumped into him at the library or other the other day.
我那天好像是在图书馆碰见了他。

2. preface n. 序言；前言；引语； 开端；开始前言，序 [同]introduction　v. 给…作序；作为…的序言，　（与with连用）开始；导致

[例句]：Our defeat may be the preface to our successor's victory. 我们的失败可能是我们后继者获胜的开端。
He prefaced his speech with an amusing story. 他用一则有趣的故事开始了他的演说。
She prefaced her remarks by an apology.　她以道歉的话作为开场白。
其它例子：to preface a book by a life of the writer 以作者的生平作为一本书的序言

[记忆法]联想记忆：foreword[ ]n.前言，序 prelude[ ].n.前奏，序幕 postscript[ ]n.跋文

3. gullible adj.易受骗的，轻信的 [同]credulous，deceivable

[例句]：Gullible shoppers are easily duped by unscrupulous advertisers.轻信他人的消费者很容易被不道德的广告商蒙骗。

[记忆法] 派生法：gull[ ]vt.欺骗 ; gullibility[ ]n.易受欺骗

4. superstitious adj.迷信的

[例句]：I always put my left shoes on first; I'm superstitious about it. 我穿鞋总是先左后右，我是很迷信这件事的。

[记忆法] 派生法：superstition [ ]n.迷信 superstitiously[ ]adv.迷信地

5. credulity n.轻信

[例句]：He lives on the credulity of the people. 他以行骗为生。

[记忆法] 派生法：credulous[ ]adj.易信的，轻信的 credulously[ ]adv. 轻信地

[考点]习惯用法: practice on sb.'s credulity　利用某人的轻信

6. cite vt. 举出，引用 [同]mention, instance

[例句]：The judicial minister cited the latest crime figures as proof of the need for strengthening of the comprehensive administration of social public order.　司法部长引用最新的犯罪统计数字来证明需要加强社会治安的综合治理。
It's no use citing the Bible to a non-Christian. 对非基督徒引用《圣经》是没用的。

[记忆法] 派生法：recite[ ]n.背诵 citation[ ]n. 引述，引证 recitation[ ]n.列举，详述 recital[ ]n.详述；独奏会 recitative[ ]n.朗诵调

7. widespread adj.广为流传的 [同]popular, prevailing

[例句]：The accident made our test field to have widespread damage. 这次事故使我们的试验田大面积受损。
a widespread disease 一种流行病；
a widespread misunderstanding.　一种普遍的误解

8. advance (1)vt. 提出，提升，推进，预付

[例句]：May I advance my opinion on this issue?
我可以提出我对这件事情的看法么？
They advanced many reasonable proposals.他们提出了许多合理化建议。
The Government of Iran advanced the price of petroleum last week.　上星期伊朗政府提高了石油价格。
He asked his employer to advance him a month's salary.
他要他的老板给他预付一个月的薪水。

（2）vi. 前进，取得进展，上涨。

[例句]：We have greatly advanced in our understanding of the human brain.
我们已经在理解大脑方面取得了很大进展。
Stock market prices are continuing to advance.
股票市场的价格在继续上涨。
The troops advanced. 部队向前开进。
The Allied troops are advancing on the camp of the enemy.　盟军正在向敌军营地挺进。

(3)n. 进步、进展

[例句]：China has made remarkable advance in science and technology since 1949.
中国从1949年来已经在科技方面取得了很大的进展。
The work is no advancing. 工作没有进展。
His advance was slow. 他的前进速度缓慢。

[记忆法] 派生法：advanced[ ]adj.先进的，高级的; advancement[ ]n.前进 ; advantage[ ]优点、优势 advantageous[ ]adj.有利的 disadvantage[ ]n.不利，弊端 disadvantageous[ ]adj.不利的，有害的

[考点]习惯用法：in advance提前
We were told to pay the rent in advance.我们被告知提前付房租。
You'll have to book your ticket in advance.
你必须提前订票。

9. appeal
(1)vi. 恳求

[例句] The police are appealing to the public for any information about the robbers.
警方恳请公众提供关于抢劫犯任何线索。
The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁每个人节约用水。

(2)vi.对……构成吸引力

[例句] The idea of taking a vacation abroad to most people.出国度假对大多数人都有吸引力。
Does the idea of working for a venture company appeal to you?　你有没有兴趣到合资企业去工作?

（3）vi.上诉

He intended to appeal against the verdict.他打算对判决结果提出上诉。

[记忆法] 派生法：appealing[ ]adj.动人的，有吸引力的 appealingly[ ]adv.有吸引力地，动人地

[考点] 习惯用法：appeal to sb.有吸引力，引起兴趣。
Do these paintings appeal to you?这些画对你有吸引力吗？

[典型考题]As a result of the radio for help for the earthquake victims, over a million pounds has been raised. [C]
A. beg B. plead C. appeal D. call

[试题解析] 译文：由于广播呼吁援助地震受害者，已经募集到一百多万英镑。appeal for呼吁，强烈要求帮助，支持等；beg乞讨，恳求；plead向人求情或替某人求情以求宽恕或同意请求等；call for指一般的要求

10. mentality n. 心理，思想，脑力

[例句]：It's very difficult to understand the mentality of people who say such things.　很难理解讲这种话的人的心理状态。
其它例子：the try-your-luck mentality　侥幸心，a person of low [weak] mentality　低智能的人，develop the child's mentality　启发儿童的智力

[记忆法] 派生法：mental[ ]adj. 心智的，心理的 mentally[ ]adv.心智地，心理地

11. exaggerate vt.夸张，夸大 [同]overstate, magnify

[例句]：The significance of their schema has been exaggerated.　他们的设想的意义被夸大了。
People will not believe a person who always exaggerates.　人们不会相信老是夸张的人。
Her hairstyle exaggerates the roundness of her face.她的发式使她的脸形显得更圆。

[记忆法] 派生法：exaggeration[ ]n.夸张，夸大
联想记忆： magnify[ ]vt.夸大 magniloquent[ ]adj. 夸大的，使用夸大言词的 magniloquence[ ]n.夸大 overstate[ ]vt.夸大叙述，言过其辞 overstatement[ ]n.夸张 understate[ ]vt.未充分或完整地叙述 understatement[ ]n.不充分的陈述，少说

12. follow up: pursue or investigate closely; take further action after (sth.)深入研究或调查，采取进一步行动

[例句] I followed up an advertisement for a second hand television set.我仔细研究一则出售旧电视的广告。
The director will follow up the committee's suggestions.董事长将依据委员会的建议采取行动。

13. sake n. .为了...之好处, 出于对...的兴趣, 缘故, 理由, [同]purpose

[例句]：Your sister is trying to read；please be quiet for her sake. 你妹妹正在努力读书，请让她安静。
Never do wrong for the sake of money. 绝不要为金钱而做坏事。
I stopped smoking for the sake of my health. 为了我的健康起见我戒烟了。
For the sake of safety, you must keep all medicines away from children.　为了安全,要把所有的药都放在孩子们拿不到的地方。

14. for the sake of为了……利益；看在……的份上

[例句] He bought a house in the country for the sake of his mother's health.他为了母亲的健康在乡间买了一栋房子。
For the sake of getting more money, he took two part-time jobs.为了挣更多的钱，他做了两份零时工。
I did it for your sake, I didn't care about it myself.我做这件事是为了你，我自己才不在乎呢。
for the sake of = for sb. 'sake
I'll give you a hand for your brother's sake.为了你哥哥（弟弟）我将帮助你。
I'll help you for your sister's sake.为了你姐姐（妹妹）我将帮助你。

[典型考题]For safety's .we postponed the meeting two days. [B]
A. cake B. sake C. cause D. reason

[试题解析] 译文：为了安全起见，我们把会议推迟了两天。cake蛋糕；cause原因；reason原因

15. throw/shed light on: make clear, explain使明白，解释; 澄清，弄清楚

[例句]：These facts throw/shed some light on this matter.这件事实帮助说明此事。
Does this information throw/shed any light on the problem?这份情报会有助于搞活经济清这个问题吗？
The information he provided didn't throw any light on this case.他提供的信息并不能对弄清楚这个案子有任何帮助。
In a way, that newly discovered diary of his shed some light on his much-debated life story.那本新发现的日记在某种程度上说明了他颇具争议的一生。