17. and so forth: and so on等等（used at the end of a list to indicate that there are other items that you could mention in addition to what you have already mentioned）

[例句]：He can talk for hours about realism, naturalism, romanticism and so forth/on.他可以好几小时不停地谈论现实主义、自然主义、浪漫主义等等。
Tom is good at many sports, sprint, hurdle, football and so forth.汤姆擅长很多体育运动，如短跑、跳栏、橄榄等等。

18. theoretical adj.理论的

[例句]：theoretical physics.理论物理，
theoretical linguistics; 理论语言学；

[记忆法] 派生法：theory[ ]n.理论 theorist[ ]n.理论家 theorize[ ]vi.建立理论，理论化 theoretically[ ]adv.理论地

[考点] 习惯用法：in theory在理论上 [反]in practice实践上
Your plan is excellent in theory, but would it succeed in practice?你的计划在理论上甚佳，但是实行起来会成功吗？

19. citizen n.公司，市民 [同]　towner

[例句]：As a citizen, you must obey the law or you will be punished.　作为一个公民,你必须遵守法律,否则你将会受到惩罚。
She's an American citizen but lives in Canada.　她是美国公民,但居住在加拿大。

[记忆法] 派生法：city[ ]n.城市 citizenry[ ]n.全体公民 citizenship[ ]n.公民权，公民资格

20. as for: with regard to, concerning至于。

[例句]：As for you, I never want to see you here again.至于你，我再也不想在这里见到你。
That's the answer. As for the cause, how do I know?这就是答案。至于原因吗，我怎么知道？

[辨析]：as for与as to:
as for只能用于句首，而as to则既可以用于句首，也可以用于句中，并引出wh-从句等。
As to/As for your brother, I'll deal with him later.至于你哥哥（弟弟），我以后再对付他。
We were at a loss as to what to do next.我们不知道下一步该做什么。

21. refute vt.驳斥 [同]　disprove, rebut

[例句]：I refuted him easily. 我很容易就驳倒了他。
be refuted down to the last point　被驳得体无完肤，
refute an argument驳斥一种论点，
refute an opponent　驳倒对方

[记忆法]词形比较：refuse[ ]vt.拒绝 refuse拒绝接受某人观点-refute驳斥

[辨析]refute, disprove, confute, controvert:
refute意为驳斥，用推理的方式驳斥别人的争论。
He refuted every piece of his argument.他把他的论述批得体无完肤。
disprove意为指出某种论点的错误、不完善的地方加以反对。
There is the view that nobody can prove or disprove the existence of God.有一种说法，没有人能证明上帝存在或者是不存在。
confute 指的是以嘲讽、讥笑、批驳等不友善的方式对某人的论点强烈地反对，使对方哑口无言。
controvert指对……提出争论
This is a fact that cannot be controverted. 这是一个不容置疑的事实。

22. mast n. 桅杆，旗杆

[记忆法]联想记忆：prow[ ]n.船首 stern[ ]n.船尾 hull[ ]n.船身 sail[ ]n.帆 side[ ]n. 船舷 cabin[ ]n.船舱

23. funnel n. 烟囱；漏斗

[例句]：He poured the petrol into the car through a funnel. 他用一个漏斗把汽油灌进汽车。

[记忆法] 联想记忆：chimney[ ]n.烟囱 tunnel[ ]n.隧道，山洞 channel[ ]n.海峡 canal[ ]n.运河

24. invisible adj.看不见的 [反]visible

[例句]：It was so cloudy that the top of the mountain was invisible. 天很阴，看不见山顶。
When I called, their head was invisible.　我去拜访时,他们的负责人没有露面。
invisible loss　看不见的损失, 蒸发损失，
invisible to the naked eye肉眼看不见的，
invisible difference觉察不出的区别，
keep oneself invisible in his room　躲在屋里不露面，
invisible assets　帐外资产

[记忆法] 派生法：vision[ ]n.视力，视觉 visible[ ]adj.看得见的 visibly[ ]adv.可见地，显而易见地 visibility[ ]n.可见性 invisibly[ ]adv.看不见地 invisibility[ ]n.看不见

[典型考题]Germs are to the naked eye. [A]
A. invisible B. invincible C. involved D. unseeing

[试题解析]译文：细菌是肉眼看不见的。invincible强韧的，难以打垮的；involved复杂的；unseeing视而不见的，盲的

25. horizon n.地平线，眼界, 视距, 见识,

[例句]：Science gives us a new horizon. 科学使我们大开新的眼界。

[记忆法] 派生法：horizontal[ ]adj.地平线的，水平的

[考点] 习惯用法：on the horizon在地平线上
There is a tree on the horizon.地平线那儿有棵树。

26. phenomenon n.现象

[例句]：An eclipse of the moon is a rare phenomenon. 月蚀是罕见的现象。
a social phenomenon　社会现象，
the phenomenon of nature　自然现象

[记忆法] 派生法：phenomenal[ ]adj.关于现象的；奇异的 phenomenally[ ]adv.关于现象地；奇异地

[考点]复数形式为phenomena

27. curve vt. 曲线行进; 形成弧形，使成曲线 [同]bend n.曲线，弯曲 [同]arch

[例句]：The river curves round the town.河绕城镇蜿蜒流去。
He curved the piece of wood.他将木条弄弯曲了。
The train turned in a curve.火车沿弯道转弯。
The path curves around the lake.这条道路绕着湖延伸

[典型考题]The driver of a car should not take at high speed. [C]
A. drifts B. pitches C. curves D. harnesses

[试题解析] 译文：汽车驾驶员不应在高速行驶时转弯。take curves转弯；drift漂流；pitch沥青；harness马具。A、B、D均不与take构成正确搭配。

28. follow vi. 1）（常与after连用）跟随，2）沿…前进，顺…前进；结果产生，得出；3）接着；随后为；4）从事；5）明白；懂　6）注视；注意　7）听从；服从　8）继之而来；必然是。

[例句]：The children followed their mother into the room. 孩子们跟着母亲进了房间。
We shall follow closely the latest advance of the subject in the world.我们将密切注意世界上这一课题的最新进展。
We followed the road to the top of the hill. 我们沿着这条路走到了小山顶。
The traffic had to follow a diversion because of an accident on the main road.　因为大街上发生交通事故,车辆只好改道行驶。
Spring follows winter. 冬去春来。
He follows the trade of baker. 他从事烤面包行业。
He followed the speaker's words closely. 他仔细听演讲者的话。
I didn't follow his line of reasoning. 我不明白他的推理方法。
He follows all the cricket news. 他密切注意板球赛的新闻。
The soldiers must follow the officer's orders.士兵们必须执行军官的命令。
Please follow the instructions on the packet when you take the drug.吃药时请按照包装上的说明去服用。
Will you follow my advice? 你会听我的忠告吗？
Disease often follows war. 战争后必然发生疾病。
Plague often follows flood.　水灾以后接着而来的常常是瘟疫。

[考点]习惯用语：as follows如下
His arguments are as follows.他的意见如下。
The results are as follows... 结果如下…
Follow one's advice: take one's suggestion听从某人的建议
We decided to follow his advice.我们决定接受他们建议。
follow the law当律师
He followed the law after graduation.毕业后他当了律师。

29. spherical adj.球形的，球面的

[例句]：a spherical sector　球心角体　
spherical geometry　球面几何学

[记忆法] 派生法：sphere[ ]n.球体 spheroid[ ]n.球状体

30. may well (not): be very likely (not ) to完全（不）可能

[例句]It may well turn out that we lack the expertise to solve that knotty problem.结果很可能是，我们缺乏解决那一棘手问题的专门技术。

[辨析]may as well和may well：
may as well表达某种无可奈何的"选择"和"委婉的建议"；
You might as well go home with me now.你不妨跟随我一起回家。
We might as well check these data again.我们不妨再检查一遍这些数据。
may well表示"很可能"，用来修饰现在和将来的可能性，但不能表达选择。
You may well have won the game if you had taken part in the match.要是你参加了这次比赛，你很可能赢。