2．await vt. 等待，等候

[例句] Death awaits us all.　死神在等着我们所有的人

[考点]await　=　wait for. 因此await 后面不再加for.
I await your instructions. 我等候你的指示。

3．track n. 足迹；痕迹；跑道，

[例句] The hunter followed the animal's tracks. 猎人追踪动物的足迹。

[记忆法]联想记忆：field [ ] n. 田赛场地，田赛运动 sprint [ ] n. & vi. 短跑 hurdle [ ] n. 跳栏 broad-jump [ ] n. 跳远 javelin [ ] n. 标枪 shot [ ] n. 铅球 lacrosse [ ] n. 长曲棍球 football [ ] n. 橄榄球 pentathlon [ ] n. 五项运动 discus [ ] n. 铁饼 decathlon [ ] n. 十项运动

[考点] 习惯用法：keep track of……保持接触，跟上……进程
He reads newspapers to keep track of current events. 他阅读报纸以熟悉时事

4．squad n. 小队，班

[记忆法]联想记忆：platoon [ ] n. 排 company [ ] n. 连 battalion [ ] n. 营 regiment [ ] n. 团 brigade [ ] n. 旅 division [ ] n. 师 army [ ] n. 军

5．charge vi.
1) （常与for连用）要价；索价；要人支付；

[例句] The fruit seller charged me too much money. 这个水果商要了我很多的钱。
How much did he charge you for repairing the bicycle? 他修理自行车收了你多少钱?
This store doesn't charge for gift-wrapping.这家店礼物包装不收费。
Do you charge for the use of the office telephone at off-duty time?下班时间打办公电话你们收不收费?

2)（与to, 或up to连用）记账；在帐册等上记入…

[例句] Don't forget to charge the money of the shoes to my account.
别忘了把鞋钱记在我帐上。

3) （常与into 或at连用）猛冲；攻击；向前冲

[例句] The boy charged into the room. 男孩冲进屋里。
Suddenly the wild animal charged at us.突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。

4) （常与with连用）责令；公开指责；控诉

[例句] He was charged with stealing a car. 他被指控偷了一辆汽车。
Those young men were charged by the police with causing a disturbance in the neighbourhood.
警察指控那些青年人在这一带犯了扰乱治安罪。
The tax collector has been charged with extorting money from several shopkeepers.
收税员受到指控,罪名是向几个店主勒索钱财。

5) 命令；使负责

[例句] She charged me to look after her daughter. 她要我负责看管她的女儿。

6) (常与with连用）装（弹药）；使充电

[例句] He has a gun charged with powder 他有一支装满弹药的枪。
The batteries need charging.电池该充电了。
Is your car battery charged easily? 你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗?

[考点] 习惯用法：charge sb. with指控某人有……罪
He was charged with murder. 他被控告谋杀。
be in charge of: be responsible for 负责
she is in charge of taking care of the children. 她负责照看孩子们。
take charge of: become responsible for 负责
My brother decided to take charge of the shop without hesitation.
我的哥哥没有丝毫犹豫就决定负责管理这家商店。

6．Marine n. （美国）海军陆战队士兵或军官

[记忆法]联想记忆：Army [ ] n. 陆军 Air Force [ ] n. 空军 Navy [ ] v. 海军 Marine Corps [ ] n. 海军陆战队 the armed force 武装力量

7．play a joke on sb: do sth. to make other people laugh at someone 同某人开玩笑

[例句] He is fond of playing jokes on Tom. 他喜欢同汤姆开玩笑。
make fun of 开……玩笑
It's cruel to make fun of a cripple. 取笑跛者是残忍的。

8．compete vi. 比赛 竞争 [同] contend, contest, rival

[例句] The young tennis player has often compete d against famous players, but so far he has always been beaten.那位年轻的网球运动员常与著名球员对抗比赛， 可是到目前为止， 他总是输的。
compete with other countries for world market与其它国家竞争国际市场
compete in a race　参加赛跑

[记忆法] 派生法：competition [ ] n. 竞争，竞赛 competent [ ] adj. 有能力的 competence [ ] n. 称职，胜任 competitive [ ] adj. 竞争性的 competitor [ ] n. 竞争者，敌手。

[考点] 习惯用法：compete with/against sb. for sth. 为获得某物与某人竞争
Tom competed with/against five other athletes for the first prize in a race.
汤姆在赛跑中与另外五名运动员竞争第一名。

[辨析]compete, contest, rival 和 contend:
compete "竞争，比赛"，不直接跟宾语。
compete for 为争夺……而竞争; compete with/against与……竞争
contend "竞争，争夺"，与compete一样可表示比赛中的竞争，也不直接跟宾语，介词搭配也相同，但意义有同有异。
contend for = compete for 为争夺……而竞争
contend with/against：向……斗争，与某人竞争; Contending with difficulties 艰苦奋斗；contending for a prize 争取奖品
Contest "争夺，争辩"，可直接跟宾语；名词意为"争夺、比赛"rival"与……竞争，比得上"，可直接跟宾语；名词意为竞争对手。
contest a seat in Parliament 争取国会席次；Cricket can not rival football in excitement. 板球不如足球够刺激。

[典型考题]She and her sister are always attention. [B]
A. competing with B. competing for
C. competing in D. competed against

[试题解析]译文：她和她妹妹总是争宠。compete with/against 后常跟人，表示"与某人竞争"；compete in 意为"在某方面竞争" competing for为某事而争。

9．descendant n. 子孙，后裔 [同] children, offspring 遗传

[例句] Today's bicycles are descendants of the earlier velocipede.今天的自行车是从早期的脚踏车发展而来的

[记忆法] 派生法 :descend [ ] v. 下来；传下，遗传 descent [ ] n. 下来；世系，祖籍
联想记忆：forefather [ ] n. 祖先 ancestor [ ] n. 祖先，祖宗

[考点] 习惯用法：descend from 从……走下来。
The car descend from the hill. 车从小山上开下来。
descend to (doing) sth 自贬身份，流于
You would never descend to cheating. 你绝不至于沦于欺骗。

10．colorful adj. 艳丽的，丰富多彩的

[例句] They like the colorful leaves in the fall. 他们喜爱斑驳的秋叶。

[记忆法] 派生法：colour [ ] n. 色彩，颜色 colur~blind [ ] adj. 色盲的 coloured [ ] adj. 带……颜色的；有色人种的 coloured politics 有色人种政治 colourfast [ ] adj. 不褪色的，不变色的 colours [ ] n. 旗帜，徽章
联想记忆： grey 灰白 pink 粉红 purple 紫 scarlet 猩红

11．hunt v. 追猎，打猎；捕捉; 追逐(from, down)，（与after, for连用）搜索；追寻

[例句] They hunted him down and strung him up.　他们把他捉住然后将他捆起来。
I hunted for my book everywhere. 我到处找我的书。
Wolves hunt in packs.　狼是成群猎食的。
We've been hunting for the lost boy all over.我们一直在到处找那失踪的男孩。

[记忆法] 派生法：hunter [ ] n. 猎人 hunting [ ] n. 狩猎 hunting-ground 猎场 huntsman [ ] n. 猎人；猎狐时管理猎犬者

[考点]习惯用法：hunt the woods 在林子里打猎
When he was young, he used to hunt the woods with his father.
他小的时候，常常和父亲去林子里打猎。
go hunting 去打猎
would you like to go hunting this weekend? 这个周末想去打猎吗？
hunt for/after 追猎，搜寻
He was hunting for a lost book. 他正在打一本遗失的书。
He is hunting for a job.他正在找工作。

[典型考题]I' ve high and low for my socks. [C]
A. hurted B. found C. hunted D. chased

[试题解析]译文：我到处找我的袜子。hurt 伤害；find 打到（其后不跟for而直接跟名词）；chase 追赶

12．deny vt. 1）否认

[例句] He said that I had stolen his bicycle, but I denied it. 他说我偷了他的自行车，可是我否认了。
The President denied all the allegations.总统否认了所有的指控。
He denied his country. 他背弃了自己的国家。

2）拒绝给予

[例句] He denies his wife nothing. 他对他的妻子有求必应。
He was denied access to those classified documents.他未被允许看那些绝密文件。
[考点]习惯用法：deny doing…(deny to do…是错误的)。

The accused man denied committing the crime. 被告人否认犯罪。
There is no denying …不容否认
There is no denying that she is best student. 不容否认她是最好的学生。
deny sb. sth. 拒绝给予某人某物
She was angry at being denied admittance. 她因被拒绝进入而发怒。

[典型考题]He knowing anything about their plans. [C]
A. refused B. defied C. denied D. accused

[试题解析] 译文：他否认知道他们的计划。deny 否认，后面可以跟动名词，词义正合适，refuse 拒绝，不愿接受；defy 公然反抗；accuse 控告，指责，一般后面与of连用

13．gain vt. vi
1)获得，得到

[例句]He quickly gained experience. 他很快就有经验了。
Only after ten years in the country did she gain her citizenship.她在这个国家住了十年后才取得了公民身份。

2)（常与in连用）获益，增加

[例句]He gained weight after his illness. 病后他的体重增加了。

3)（钟、表）走快

[例句]This clock gains five minutes a day. 这只钟每天快5分钟。
Does your watch gain or lose?"你的表走得快,还是走得慢?"

4)（经努力）到达，达到

[例句]In the end we gained the top of the mountain. 我们终于到达了山顶。

5)追上，赶上，逼近

[例句]Drive faster - the police car is gaining on us. 开快点，警车快追上我们了。
He gained on the other runners in the race and finished first. 比赛中他赶上了其他的选手，最后跑了第一。

[辨析] get, obtain, acquire, gain, win:
get是最广泛应用的词，可以是经过努力或者没有经过努力的，可以是主动的，也可以是无意的"得到"。
obtain指花费了时间和精力而得到，比较正式。比如：
No matter how hard he tried, he couldn't obtain a license.不管他如何努力，也无法得到一个执照。
acquire除了一般的"努力得到"的意思以外，比其他动词多了一个通过努力、苦练"后天习得"的意思：
He acquired a greater appreciation of classical music.他增加了对古典音乐的鉴赏能力。
gain指通过努力、拼搏而得到，通常得到的东西具有某种物质价值：
They stand to gain a large fortune on the deal.他们这笔生意会稳赚一大笔钱。
win指在得到的过程中自身具有的优势条件起到了一定的作用。"赢得"：
He won the admiration of his fellow students.他赢得了他的同学们对他的赞赏。

14．destine vt. 命中注定，预定 [同] doom

[例句] They were destined never to meet again.命运注定他们永不再相逢。

[记忆法] 派生法：destination [ ] n. 目的地 destiny [ ] n. 命运，天命

[考点]习惯用法：1）表"命里注定"时常被动语态：be destined to (do) sth.
They were destined never to meet again. 他们命中注定将永不能再见。

2）表示"预定、指定"时接介词to或for：

The ship is destined for Shanghai. 轮船开往上海。

15．farmland n. 农田

[记忆法] 派生法 Farm [fa:m] n. 农场 vt. 耕种 farmer [ ] n. 农夫，农场主
[考点] 习惯用法：on the / a farm 在农场
He is now working on the farm. 他现在在农场干活。