17．excel vi. 突出，超常

[例句] She excels as a orator. 她擅长演说。
She excelled her father as a lawyer. 作为律师她强过她的父亲

[记忆法] 派生法：excellent [ ] adj. 极好的，优秀的 excellence [ ] n. 卓越，优秀 Excellency [ ] n. 阁下

[考点] 习惯用法：excel in/at 擅长于……（在……）很优秀
The firm excels in/at producing cheap transistor radios.
这家公司在生产价廉的晶体管收音机方面胜过其他公司。

[典型考题]John has never at games. [B]
A. exceeded B. excelled C. exceled D. excelled in

[试题解析]译文：约翰从来都不擅长游戏。exceed 超出，后面直接跟宾语；excel in/at 擅长于，excel 的过去式和过去分词的形式为excelled。

18．wrestle v. 摔跤，搏斗

[例句] The guards wrestled with the intruders. 护卫员同闯入者扭打了起来。

[记忆法] 派生法：wrestling [ ] n. 摔跤 wrestler [ ] n. 角力者，摔跤者，艰苦奋斗者

[考点] 习惯用法：wrestle with 与……摔跤，与……作斗争。
He wrestled with the temptation to go abroad. 他努力抗拒出国的诱惑。

19. play v. 在课本中，play=play against和……比赛

[例句]Argentina is playing England at football tomorrow evening.
明天晚上有阿根廷和英格兰队的足球比赛。

20．halfback n. 中卫

[例句] He is a halfback in the football team. 他在那支足球队踢中卫。

[记忆法]联想记忆：forward [ ] n. 前锋 fullback n. 后卫 center halfback n. 中卫 goalkeeper [ ] 守门员 coach [ ] n. 教练 referee [ ] n. 裁判员

21．incredible adj. 不可相信，不可思议的 [同] unbelievable, inconceivable

[例句] The film star has an incredible car in addition to a large house.这个电影明星除了一幢很大的住宅外还有一辆极好的汽车。

[记忆法] 派生法：credible [ ] a. 能相信的 incredibly [ ] adv. 难以置信地 incredibility [ ] n. 难以置信

[辨析] incredible 与 incredulous:
incredible 令人难以置信的
It was the most incredible coincident I had ever heard of.
那是我听说过的最惊人的巧合了。
incredulous表示怀疑的，不轻信的（通常修饰人）。
"You won the lottery?"She said with an incredulous look on her face.
"你抽彩中了奖"？她半信半疑地问道。
There're incredulous smiles on his face. 他脸上挂着怀疑的微笑。
What you said just now is incredible. 你刚才听说的话真使人难以置信。

[考点]习惯用法：在It is incredible that 句型中，that 从句的谓语通常用原形动词或should + 原形动词表示虚拟语气。
It is incredible that he (should) do such a thing.
他做了这种事，真是难以置信。

22．build on/upon
（1）（在本课中）加强，扩大，发展，添彩

[例句] Her new job would help her build on her experience in finance.
好的这份新工作能够帮助她增加在金融方面的经验。

（2）以……为基础

[例句] Bill Gates' success is built on the development of software business.
比尔·盖茨的成功是以软件生意为基础的。

23．demonstrate vt. 用实验或实例说明；演示

[例句] He demonstrated how to use the new machine. 他演示怎样使用这台新机器。
How do you demonstrate that the earth is round?你怎样证明地球是圆的?
The salesman demonstrated (how to use) the washing-machine.售货员表演了如何使用这种洗衣机。

[记忆法] 派生法：demonstrable [ ] adj. 可用证据或逻辑证明的 demonstrably [ ] adv. 可证明地 demonstrability [ ] n. 可证明性 demonstration [ ] n. 证明，演示 demonstrative [ ] adj. 表露出感情的；指示的 demonstrator [ ] n. 游行示威者

[考点] 习惯用法：demonstrate against…示威反对
The workers demonstrated against the rising cost of living.
工人们示威抗议生活费用的高涨。

[典型考题]The people against the government's nuclear policy. [A]
A. demonstrated B. proved C. displayed D. showed

[试题解析]译文：人们示威抗议政府的核政策。prove 证明；display=show 显示

24．opponent [ ] n. 对手，反对者 [同]rival, enemy opposer

[例句] We beat our opponents at football. 我们在足球赛中击败了对手。

[记忆法] 派生法：oppose [ ] vt. 反对，反抗 opposite [ ] adj. 面对面的，对立的，相对的 opposition [ ] n. 敌对，反对，相反

[典型考题]Beating all the , he won the medal for the 200-meter race in the Asian Game. [B]
A. oppositions B. opponents C. opposes D. opportunity

[试题解析] 译文：他击败所有的对手，赢得了亚运会200米的金牌。opponent 指比赛、竞争中的对手（人），可与rival 互换，但rival 可指竞争的团体、组织、机构；opposition 反对，反抗；对立，相反；oppose反对，反抗；opportunity 良机

25．trample vt. 踩，践踏

[例句] Don't trample on grass.勿踏草地。

[记忆法] 派生法：tramp [ ] v. 踩，踏，重步行走 n. 漂泊者，流浪汉

[考点]习惯用法：trample on 践踏，重步踩过
He trampled on my toes. 他踩到了我的脚趾
trample sth. down 用力践踏，蹂躏
The children have trampled down the grass. 孩子们把草踏坏了。

26．put … out of action: stop…working, make… unfit for a typical activity 使停止工作，使不再起作用。

[例句]：Something has put this washing machine out of action again. 有什么东西使这台洗衣机无法再次工作。
The storm put the telephones out of action. 暴风雨使电话无法使用。

[比较] out of action 坏掉，不能正常使用：
The thunderstorm put all our electric alliances out of action.
这场大雷雨使得我们所有的电器都不能用了。
bring/call sth. into action: cause it to operate 使起作用，使生效。
They brought the lathe into action again. 他们使得这台机床又运作起来了。

27． limber up: make the muscles stretch easily by exercise, esp. before violent exercise （比赛前）准备活动

[例句]The team spends half an hour limbering up. 球队做了半个小时的准备活动。
All the players limbered up before the game begins except Tom.
除了汤姆，所有运动员都在比赛开始前做了准备活动。

28．strain vi. 尽力，使劲 [同] endeavor　n. 拉紧；拉力；张力 紧张

[例句] They strained on the rope to pull the boat in. 他们拉紧绳子以便使船靠岸。
She strained the boy to her bosom. 她把孩子紧紧搂在怀里。
Do you suffer from the strain of modern life. 你苦于现代生活的紧张吗？

[记忆法] 派生法：strained [streind] adj. 不自然的，勉强的，紧张的 constrain [ ] v. 强迫，强制，束缚 constrained [ ]adj. 拘谨，不自然的 constraint [ ] n. 强制，强迫 restrain [ ] v. 克制服，抑制 restrained [ri'streind ]adj. 克制的，遏制的 restraint [ri'streint] n. 克制，遏制

[考点]习惯用法：strain to do…努力做……
He strained every nerve to help me. 他歇尽全力帮助我。

[典型考题]It will your eyes to read in the dim light. [B]
A. train B. strain C. stain D. restrain

[试题解析] 译文：昏暗的光线下看书会使眼睛过度疲劳。strain 过劳，拉紧（指超极限拉长，伸张，引申为过度使用，极度疲劳）；stain 污点，染色；restrain限制，抑制

29．take part in: have a share or part in; join in 参加

[例句] Would you like to take part in the sports meet? 你想参加运动会吗？
Are you going to take part in the discussion? 你要参加讨论吗？

30．demanding adj. 要求高的，苛求的

[例句] My boss is quite demanding.我的老板要求很苛刻。

[记忆法] 派生法：demand [ ] n. 要求，需求 vt. 要求，需要

[考点]习惯用法：(no)demand for (不)需求……
There is little demand for these goods. 这些货物的需要量极小。
in demand 有需求
His records are always in demand. 他的唱片一直很畅销。
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
The policeman demanded to know where he lived. 警察要求说他说出住在何处。
demand that (should + v.) 要求……
He demanded that I should tell him everything. 他要求我告诉他一切。


[辨析]require 和 demand:
require 可以用于此结构：require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事，但不能用demand sb. to do sth. The teacher required us to hand in the papers before Friday. 老师要求我们星期五之前交论文。