（二）句型结构

1．Students from Lafayette College were crowding onto the train platform eagerly awaiting the arrival of the Carlisle Indian School's track and field squad. No one would have believed it a few months earlier.

来自拉斐德学院的学生拥上站台，急切地等待着卡莱尔印弟安人学校田径队的到来。几个月前，根本没人会相信。
awaiting the … squad. 为现在分词结构作状语，修饰谓语动词crowding。在it后省略了if it had been 这一虚拟过去时，表示与事实相反。would 表示"意愿"，并不纯粹表示将来。it 代指下一句将要陈述的事实。"A school that nobody had heard of was suddenly beating big, famous colleges in track meets."

2．The train finally arrived and two young men--one big and broad, the other small and slight--stepped onto the platform.

火车最终到达了，两个年轻人步上月台，一个身高体阔，另一个矮小瘦弱。
破折号中间部分是对two young men 的进一步说明，其中one 和 the other 后各省略了一个"is"。big and broad (以b开始)，small and slight （以s开始）这两组词押前韵，分别从高矮粗细、粗壮上加强二者给读者的印象。

3．He did. He ran sprints, he ran hurdles, he ran distance races.

确实如此。他短跑，他跨栏，他长跑。
did 指代动词，代替"competed against an entire Lafayette squad"。这里，动词和句子单位都很简短，反映出这位田径明星的敏捷。

4．As a Sac Fox, Jim had the colorful Indian name Wa-Tho-Huck, which, translated, means Bright Path. But being born an Indian, his path was not so bright.

作为袋与狐部落的成员吉姆有个好听的印弟安人的名字：Wa-Tho-Huck翻译出来的意思是"光辉前程"。但由于生来就是一个印弟安人，他的道路并不光明。
"which, translated, means Bright Path"为非限定性定语从句，修饰Wa-Tho-Huck。
其中translated 是过去分词结构，修饰动词means, 可以还原成when it is translated 或 if it is translated. Being born an Indian 为现在分词结构，在句中作状语，可改写为since he was born an Indian.

5．Although he had the opportunity to hunt and fish with great Indian outdoorsmen, he was denied opportunity in other ways.

虽然他有机会与熟谙野外生活的印弟安人一同捕鱼、狩猎，但其他方面的机会却被剥夺了。
1）although 连词，引导让步状语从句。不能和but 连用。
例：Although he is tired, but he didn't stop working. (误)
Although he is tired, he didn't stop working. （正）
2）deny vt. 拒绝给予。
例：He denies his wife nothing. 他对妻子有求必应。
He gave to his friends what he denied to his family. 他宁赠朋友不予家人。

6．It was almost impossible for an Indian to gain even a fair education and extremely difficult, as a result, for an Indian to rise high in life.

印弟安人甚至连受起码的教育的机会也极少，因此，要想出人头地是难上加难。
1）extremely difficult 前省略了it was。As a result "作为一种结果"，相当于"consequently"。副词even 用在句中加强语气。

2）rise high in life: to gain success, wealth, or importance in life. 社会地位有所提高，经济等情况有所改善。
例：He deserted all his friends after he rose high in life.
他发迹后就不和朋友们来往了。

7．He was so good in football, in fact, that most other small schools refused to play Carlisle.

事实上，他的橄榄球打得如此出色，以至于大多数其他规模较小的学校都不敢与卡莱尔比赛。
in fact"事实上"表示强调。该句中包含so…that…这一结构，这里表示结果。"如此……以至于"
例：It all happened so suddenly that I didn't know what I should do.
一切发生得都这么突然，以至于我不知道该怎么办。

8．Though most athletes were utterly exhausted by the decathlon alone, Thorpe breezed through both events, his dark hair flopping, his smile flashing, his muscled body gliding along the track.

大多数运动员参加十项全能一项就筋疲力尽了，而索普却轻松自如地赛完两项。他一头黑发打颤着，脸上闪烁着微笑，肌肉强健的身体掠过跑道。
1）though=although, "尽管"。和although一样，though也不能与but 连用
his dark hair flopping, his smile flashing, his muscled body gliding along the track
为三个现在分词结构作状语，进一步说明索普轻取十项全能之易。
2）breeze through: to proceed with briskly 轻快地进行，通过
例：He breezed through the exam. 他轻快地通过了考试。

9．As a result, he was not technically an amateur when he competed at Stockholm as all Olympic athletes must be.

结果，从技术上来讲，他在斯德哥尔摩参赛时，已不是一名业余运动员了，而根据规定，所有奥林匹克参赛运动员都必须是业余选手。
1）when he…Stockholm 为时间状语从句
2）must be 后面省略了amateurs.
3）Stockholm 斯德哥尔摩，为瑞典首都。