Unit one
How To Improve Your Study Habits
 
词汇短语 1 - 2 - 3
 
 
16.hellish adj. 地狱般的, 来自地狱的, 凶恶的, 可怕的

[例句] It's a hellish problem. 这是一个令人讨厌的难题。
It was a hellish thing to do.做那种事真讨厌极了。
The weather's been hellish recently. 近来的天气真叫人够受了!

[记忆法] 派生法:名词后加-ish意为"有……性的",一般指坏的一面,如:childish [ ] 孩子气的 foolish [ ] 愚蠢的 snobbish [ ] 势利眼的;媚上欺下的 selfish [ ] 自私自利的


17. advantage n. 优势, 有利条件, 利益


[例句] Mary speaks good English, but she has an advantage because her mother is English.
玛丽英语说得好,因为她有一个有利条件,她妈妈是英国人。
At the end of an hour's play the advantage lay definitely with him.
经过一个小时的比赛,他已肯定取得优势。
Many women think this is an advantage for men.
许多妇女认为这是男人的优越之处。
Is there any advantage in getting there early?早到那里是否值得?
This hall combines the advantages of the ball room and of a meeting place.
这个大厅既可作舞厅,又可作会场。

[考点]习惯用法: at an advantage有利地;
be of advantage to 对...有利;
gain [get, have, win] an [the]advantage over [of] 胜过, 优于
give sb. an advantage (over) 使某人处于更有利的地位
have the advantage of 比...强, 胜过

[辨析]:advantage, benefit, interest, good:
advantage 多指因地位优于他人而获利
The present world situation is to our advantage. 目前世界局势对我们有利。
We got a double advantage. 我们一举两得。
benefit 兼指物质或精神方面所得到的直接好处。用于个人时,常指不损害他人的情况下所得的好处。
It is of no benefit to me at all. 这对我毫无益处。
interest 作"利益"解时,常用复数形式。
We should work in the interests of humanity. 我们应该为人类而谋福利。
good 作"利益"解时,是不可数名词
常用于for someone's (own) good 或 for the good of sth.
I work for the good of my family. 我为我家庭的幸福工作。
You have to drink the medicine, not because I want you to, but for your own good. 你必须喝药,不是我要你喝,而是为了你好。

18. say something for… 意为"为某事或某人辩护、说话"等,相当于speak for. 疑问句中用 anything, 否定句中则用 nothing。

[例句] You are late again. Have you anything to say for yourself? 你又来晚了。你还有什么要为自己辩护的吗?
[考点]习惯用法:say something for… 要替……说话
I have something to say for my friend. 我要为我的朋友说几句话。
say little/ much for… 没什么可说的/有许多要说的
I want to say little for the proposal. 对于这个建议我没什么好说的。
There is something (nothing, little, plenty) to be said for 表示"……有一定(没有,几乎没有,很有)道理"
There is little to be said for your quitting. 你辞职几乎是没有道理的。
There is something to be said for believing him since he has always been a man who keeps his word. 他一直是一个守信用的人,相信他是有一定道理的。

19.mankind n. 人类 [同] humanity, humankind

[例句] Disease is an enemy of mankind.疾病是人类的敌人。

[记忆法] 合成法:由man全人类,加上kind "种属"组成。man亦指"男人"。
词义联想:male [meil] adj. 男性的,阳性的 masculine [ ] adj. 男性的,强壮的,男子气的 manly [ ] adj. 有男子气概的,勇敢的;female [ ] adj. 女性的,雌性的 feminine [ ] adj. 女性的,女人气的

20.downward adv. 向下,下行

[例句] He is on the downward path. 他正在走下坡路。
a downward slope 下坡
a downward tendency (物价的)跌势

[记忆法] 派生法:后缀-ward 意为"向,朝,往"常与表方位,方向的词一起构成形容词或副词,如:northward [ ] 向北 upward [ ] 向上 earthward [ ] 向地球

21.variation n. 变化 [同]change

[例句]The prices for food are subject to variation. 食品的价格可能变更。

[记忆法] 派生法:由vary[ ] v. "变化,使改变"派生而来,vary 还有"不同,相异"之意,由这两个意义派生出的词有:variety[ ] n. 变化,多样性 various [ ]adj. 各式各样的,不同的 variable [ ] adj. 易变的,无常的 n. 变量 variform [ ] adj. (正式)各式各样的 variorum [ ] n. 集注本 varied [ ] adj. 变化的,各种各样的 variegated [ ] adj. 斑驳的,杂色的

22.equable adj. 稳定的 [同] steady

[例句] I like working with Edward because he's so calm and equable. 我喜欢和爱得华一起工作,因为他性情沉着稳重。

[记忆法] 派生法:词根equ-意为"相等",可组成以下单词:equal [ ] adj. 相同的,相等的 equalize [ ] v. 使平等,使相等 equally [ ] adv. 相等地,同样地 inequality [ ] n. 不等,不平等 unequal [ ] adj. 不相等的,不平等的 equate [ ] v. 使相等,使平等 equation [ ] n. 方程式,等式 equator [ ] n. 赤道

23.constant adj. 永恒的 [同] unchanging, fixed, faithful [反] variable, flexible

[例句] Dogs are constant friends of man. 狗是人忠实的朋友。
constant speed 固定速,
constant rain 绵绵不断的雨
constant trouble 时常发生的麻烦

[记忆法] 派生法:constantly [ ] adv. 不变地,经常地 constancy [ ] n. 坚定,持久不变

[考点](1) 习惯用法:be constant to…对……坚定不移
One we decide to do something, we should be constant to it.
一旦我们决定做某事,我们应该对它坚定不移。

[典型考题]She became a customer of the bookshop。 [B]
A. continuous B. constant C. content D. sonsent

[试题解析] 译文:她成为了这家书店的常客。constant 经常的,不断的 constant customer 常客 continuous 连续,持续,不能修饰客人 content 满足,甘愿; consent 同意,答应

24.simplify v. 使简单,简化,使单纯

[例句] The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand. 这个故事里的英语被简写了,可更容易理解。
Try to simplify your explanation for the children.试简化你的解释,好让孩子们理解。

[记忆法] 派生法: simple [ ] adj. 简单的,相实的 simplicity [ ] n. 简单,单纯,率直 simply [ ] adv. 简单地,清楚地,自然地 simpleton [ ] n. (今罕)愚人,傻子 -
fy是一个动词后缀,意为"make, form into, make similar to 使……,使成为……,……化",如:purify 净化 beautify 美化 intensify 强化,加强 classify 分类 uglify 丑化 citify 使都市化

25.tyranny n. 专制,暴政 [同] dictatorship

[例句] They experienced the cultural tyranny in the country.他们经受了那个国家的文化专制。

[记忆法] 派生法 :tyrant[ ] n. 暴君,暴虐的统治者 tyrannical [ ] adj. 暴虐的,残暴的等于 tyrannous. tyrannize [ ] v. 施暴政,摧残 tyrannosaurus [ ] n. 霸王龙

26.vary v. 变化 [同] differ, change, alter

[例句] The temperature -ries from time to time.温度常常变化。
They never vary from the law of nature.他们从不违反自然规律。

[考点]习惯表达:vary with 随……而变化
vary from 不同于……
vary between … and …由……到……情况不等
vary from…to… 由……到……情况不等
Their opinions vary from each other. 他们观点不一。
Her health varies from good to rather weak.
她的身体有时不错,有时却相当虚弱。

[典型考题] You'd better your diet rather than eat the same things all the time。 [A]
A. vary B. changed C. convert D. alter

[试题解析] 译文:你最好改变一下你的饮食,不要天天都吃同样的东西。
vary 指性质、特点等与以以往不同,使多样化change 改变,变换,交换,为一般用语,既指本质上的也指外形、质量及程度上的变化;convert 使转变为,使转化,常指改变某一局部,从而加强功能或改变其用途;alter 指部分改革,不影响事物的本质或总体结构,如修改衣服大小,修缮房屋等。

27.external adj. 外部的 [同] outside, exterior [反] internal

[例句] External causes become operative through internal causes.外因通过内因而起作用。
This medicine is for external use only, not for drinking. 此药只供外用,不可内服。
This local newspaper doesn't pay much attention to external affairs.这家地方报纸不太注重国外新闻。

[记忆法] 派生法::externalize [ ] v. (以言辞)表达感情 externally [ ] adv. 外界地,外表地 externals [ ] n. 外在形式,外表

[典型考题]Going to church is a (an) act of worship。 [C]
A. outside B. outer C. external D. extra

[试题解析] 译文:做礼拜是信教的外在行为。external 非内在, 全然在外的;outside 指事物在外的部分或在表面的部分,也指外来的,户外的; outer 较远的,靠外边的,指离开中心或内部;extra 额外的,附加的

28.artificial adj. (1)人造的,人工的 [同] manmade (2)假的 [同] false, sham 如:artificial respiration 人工呼吸 artificial flowers 假花

[例句] This brand of tinned beans contains no artificial coloring.这种品牌的罐装青豆不含人造色素。

[记忆法] 派生法 : art n. 艺术技巧,技艺 artist [ ] n. 艺术家,演艺人员 artifact [ ]n. 人工制品 artifice [ ] n. 巧饰,巧计 artificer [ ] n. 巧匠,技工 artful [ ]adv. 欺人的,狡诈的 artless [ ] adj. 天真的,无知的 artisan [ ] n. 工匠,技工 artiste [ ] n. 艺人(歌手,演员等) artistic [ ] adj. 美术的,精巧的 artistry [ ] n. 艺术才华,创作天赋 arts [ ] n. 文科 arty [ ] adj. 附庸风雅的

[典型考题]She likes the flower instead of the natural one。 [D]
A. imitative B. fake C. false D. artificial

[试题解析] 译文:她喜欢假花,而不喜欢真花。artificial 指人使用技术和通过人工方式制造的,人造的;imitative 主要指模仿 某物样式"制造的",往往指仿效;fake 指用伪造的来代替真的;false 指假的,虚伪的,假造的

29.adjust v. 调节,调整,使适应 [同]adapt

[例句] He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country.他使自己很快适应了这个国家炎热的气候。
These seats can be adjusted to the height of any children. 这些椅子的高度可以根据儿童的身高调节。
He soon adjusted to army life.他很快就适应了军中生活。
I must adjust my watch. It's slow. 我得调整我的表,它走慢了。

[考点] 习惯用法:adjust oneself/sth. to……调整,使适应……
He adjusted himself quickly to the weather of that area.
他很快使自己适应了那个地区的天气。
She made the clothes of her husband suitable for her son.
她使丈夫的衣服适合给儿子穿。
Some animals adjust themselves to their environment by instinct. 有些动物会本能地适应环境。

30.convenient adj. 方便的,便利的 [同]suitable, appropriate

[例句]When would it be convenient for you to go?你什么时候去方便?
We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting.我们必须安排一个合适的时间和地点开会。

[记忆法] 派生法 :convenience [ ]n. 便利,方便

[考点] 习惯用法:be convenient to sb.
The newly-built supermarket is quite convenient to me. 新建的超级市场对我来说很便利。

[典型考题]Our house is very for the shops。 [A]
A. convenient B. suitable C. sufficient D. continuous

[试题解析] 译文:从我们家去商店很方便。convenient 近便的,便利的 suitable 合适的,多表示与某一场合、情况或要求等相适合 sufficient 充分的,足够的 continuous 连续,持续