2. size up：form an opinion or judgement about sb. or sth. esp. very quickly 估计（量），评价，判断，属于非正式用法

[例句] The commander sized up the possibilities for action before he gave any orders. 指挥官在发布任何命令前先估量了行动的可能性。
Sizing up the goods for sale, the businessman concluded that he can make a lot of money.估量了待售之商品后，这个商人确定他能赚一大笔钱。

3. a bit:
（1）to some degree, rather有点儿，相当，

[例句] I'm a bit tired.我有点儿累。
Your article is a bit long for our paper. 你的文章对我们的报纸而言稍长了点儿。

（2）to any degree, at all一点也，根本

[例句] He is not a bit like that really. 实际上他一点也不是那个样子的。
a bit 可用在形容词前，但不能用于名词前，不能说a bit money, 而需说 a bit of money

4. resolve v.
（1）决定、打定主意要（与into连用）

[例句] He resolved on going out. 他决定出去。

（2）解决；解答；解除、消除

[例句] The differences among them should be resolved by consultation. 他们之间的分歧应该通过协商解决。

（3）（会议等）正式决定，作出……的决议

[例句] The government resolved on a bold policy. 政府决定实施一项大胆的政策。

（4）分解

[例句] This mixture resolves into two substances. 这混合物会分解成两种物质。
They resolved a spectrum into its various lines. 他们将光谱分解成各种不同的线谱。

（5）变成, 转化为, 使转为, 使归结为(into);

[例句] The discussion resolved itself into an argument.讨论到后来变成了争论。
[记忆法] 派生法： dissolve[ ]v.溶解，解散 dissolvable[ ]adj.可分解的，可溶的 dissolution[ ]n.分解；解除 resolute[ ]adj.坚决的，断然的 resolution[ ]n.决心，坚决；解决 resolvable[ ]adj.能解决的，可分解成的 absolute[ ]adj.完全的，绝对的 absolutely[ ]adv.完全地，无条件地

[考点]习惯用法: resolve that……决定……
resolve to do sth.决定（心）做某事
be resolved to do决心做
He resolved that he would start off early tomorrow morning. 他决定明天一早就动身。
He resolved to work harder. 他决心发奋工作。
The heart-broken girl was resolved to forget him.伤心的女孩决定将他忘掉
。
[典型考题]He to work hard until the final examination. [D]
A. detested B. thought C. consider D. resolved

[试题解析]译文：他决心努力学习到期末考试。detest痛恨；consider考虑；think认为，后面均不接不定式；resolve决定，比determine语气更强，决心更大

5. trail n.（1）小径，小道 [同]path （2）痕迹，足迹 [同]footprint
v.（1）追踪，尾随 [同]track, trace （2）拖，下垂 [同]tail （3）减弱, 变小(off, away)

[例句] The wounded animal left a trail of blood behind it. 受伤的动物在身后留下一道血迹。
The dog trailed him constantly.　这条狗总跟在他的后面。
Her skirt trails on the floor.　她的裙子拖在地(板)上。
The distant cry trailed off.　远处传来的喊声逐渐地消失了。

[考点]习惯用法：blaze a/the trail开风气之先，做开路先锋
The teacher blazed the trail by having his classes outside.这位老师通过在户外上课开了风气之先。
hard/hot on someone's trail紧跟在某人的后面
The policeman is hard on the thief's trail.警察紧跟在小偷身后。
trail off（指声音）逐渐转弱，消失
Her interest in the work soon trailed off.她对这项工作的热情不久便转淡了。

6. legendary adj.传奇（似）的

[例句] He is the legendary hero in history. 他是历史上的传奇似英雄。
the legendary experiences传奇式的经历

[记忆法] 派生法 ：legend[ ]n.传说，传奇

7. disappointed adj.失望的 [同]frustrated

[例句] President James A. Garfield was shot by a disappointed office seeker on July 2, 1881.
1881年7月2日，詹姆斯·A·加菲尔德总统被一个失望的谋求官职者枪击。

[记忆法] 派生法：disappoint[ ]v. 使失望，使落空 disappointment n. 失望

[考点] 习惯用法：be disappointed at/with doing sth.对做某事感到失望
be disappointed in/with sb./sth. 对某人/某事失望
be disappointed of没有实现……
Are you disappointed at losing the race? 你跑输了是不是很灰心？
My parents will be disappointed with me if I fail the examination.如果我考试不及格，我父母会对我很失望。

8. environment n.环境，周围的状况 [同]surroundings

[例句] The children have a happy environment at school. 孩子们在学校有一个快乐的环境。
The rural environment lent itself to the restoration of his health.　农村环境有助于他恢复健康。

[辨析]：environment, surroundings和environs:
surroundings是一个人四周的生活环境，environment也一样，但是environment是从环境对人的感受、道德及观念的影响着眼。
to grow up in beautiful surroundings在美丽的环境中长大
to grow up in a happy environment在快乐的生活中长大
environs是指某地的环境，不是指人的四周.
in the environs of Manchester在曼彻斯特附近。

[典型考题]A child's character is greatly influenced by his home . [B]
A. case B. environment C. situation D. circumstance

[试题解析] 译文：一个孩子的性格在很大程度上受家庭环境的影响。
environment环境，四周，外界；case某种特殊而具体的情形或状况；situation指因受外部事物或外来影响而出现的危急存亡等状态或形势；circumstance指关系到或影响某一事件或动作发生时周围的情况或环境。注：environment和the连用，有时指自然环境。

9. tear up:
（1）destroy completely by tearing, pull sth. up roughly 撕毁，毁掉

[例句]The bad-tempered man tore up the letter in a rage. 这个脾气暴躁的人在愤怒中将信撕掉了。
The workers are tearing up the road to lay new water pipelines.工人们挖开路面，铺设新的水管。

（2）break (a contract, an agreement, etc.)撕毁（契约，协议等）

[例句]Such a binding agreement can not be torn up at will.这样一份具有约束力的协议书是不能被随意撕毁的。

[辨析]（1）tear down, pull down, destroy 拆除，拆毁
The old building will soon be torn down. 这座古老的大楼很快就要被拆毁了。

（2）tear at, try to pull apart by force撕裂，扯开

The fighting women tore at each other with their nails. 两个打架的女人用指甲互抓对方。

10. editor n. 编辑

[例句] He is chief editor of a newspaper. 他是一家报纸的主编。

[记忆法] 派生法： edit v. 编辑（报刊，杂志）；剪辑（影片，录音）edition[ ]n.版，版本 editorial[ ]adj.编辑的，主编的 n.社论，评论

11．scenic adj. 天然风景的，风景优美的

[例句] They climbed a hill for a scenic panorama of the valley。他们爬上小山去看山谷优美的全景。
a scenic road along the coast 海滨一条风景优美的道路。

[记忆法] 派生法 : scene n. 风景；舞台，布景，而来 scenery[ ]n.景色，风景；舞台布景

[辨析]：scenery, view和scene:
scenery "优美景色、自然风景"，指从美的角度看，一个国家或地区的总体外貌；
Guilin is well-known for its scenery. 桂林以其风景著名。
view指从远处，尤指从窗户看去的视域范围内的"风景"，view是scenery的一部分；
What a wonderful view from the window! 凭窗远眺，多么美的风景啊！
scene也指从某处看到的景色，包括人、物的活动。
She was deeply moved by a late autumn scene. 她被深秋的景色深深打动。
sight值得一看的事物，尤指观光胜地。
The Grand Canyon is one of the most breathtaking sights of the world. 大峡谷是世界上最惊险的风景之一。

12. drain v. （1）排出，放（水） [同]pump （2）弄干；变干　n.排水管 [同]pipe水沟，下水道 [同]drench

[例句] The water drained away slowly. 水排得很慢。
After I washed the plates, I left them to drain. 洗过那些盘子后我让它滴干。
Land must be well drained for some crops. 土地必须排水以适合某些作物。
The day's events completely drained me of all strength.　这天的事情使我精疲力竭
We had to call a plumber to unblock the drains. 我们得叫管工来通一通下水道。

[记忆法] 派生法：drainage[ ]n.排水；废水，污物 drainage basin n. 流域 drainpipe[ ]n.排水管 draining board[ ]n.碗盘滴水板

[典型考题] There's a bad smell: something is wrong with the , I suppose. [B]
A. dramas B. drains C. drawers D. drawings

[试题解析]译文：有股难闻的气味，我想一定是下水道出了问题。drain排水道，水管；drama剧本，戏剧；drawer抽屉；drawing素描，图画。

13. dam n.堤坝，水闸 v.筑堤，建水坝于……

[例句] A new dam is now being built at the valley. 河谷里正在建一座新水坝。
The river has been dammed up. 河水被水坝截住了。

14. mess n.混乱，肮脏 [同]muddle

v.弄乱，弄脏，弄糟 [同]disorder, dirty, spoil
[例句] Your room is in a mess. Please tidy it. 你的房间杂乱不堪，请把它打扫干净。
The workers cleaned up the mess before they left.工人在离开之前把脏东西清理干净了。
You're a mess, you'll have to change.你是个做事没有条理的人, 你得改变自己。
The guests will be messed in this building.　客人们安排在这座大楼里就餐。
Your clothes are all messed.　你的衣服都弄脏了。
They messed the thief up pretty badly.　他们狠揍了那贼一顿。

[考点]习惯用语：make a mess of: disorder, spoil or ruin把……弄得一团糟；把……弄脏或弄坏，打乱，是非正式用法
During the mother's absence, the naughty boys made a mess of the room.妈妈不在时，淘气的男孩子们把房间搞得一团糟。
This illness makes a mess of my holiday plans.这场病打乱了我假期的计划。
mess about: to be lazy 偷懒
He spent most of his time messing about. 他大部分时间无所事事。
mess up: to disorder, spoil, etc. 弄乱，破坏
She arrived so late that the whole party was messed up. 她来得太晚了，整个晚会都被她弄乱了。
mess with: to cause trouble to 惹麻烦
Don't mess with me, or you'll be sorry. 别惹我生气，否则你会后悔。
in a mess乱七八糟
This room is in a mess.这房间乱成一团。

[典型考题]The company's affairs are in a terrible . [A]
A. mess B. mass C. messes D. masses

[试题解析] 译文：公司的事务混乱不堪。in a mess一团糟；mass团,块

15. wetlands n.沼泽地

[例句]　They came to wetlands of the country. 他们来到该国的沼泽地。

[记忆法] 合成法：highland[ ]n.高地 lowland[ ]n.低地 dryland [ ]n.陆地 greenhouse[ ]n.温室 heavyweight[ ]n.重量级运动员 longhand[ ]n.普通写法 redhead[ ]n.红头发的人