(三)语法重点
1. 直接引语变间接引语
1) 时间状语及地点状语的变化: 直接引语―――――> 间接引语
时间状语 today that day
this morning/afternoon/evening that morning/afternoon/evening
yesterday the day before/the previous day
the day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the following/ next day
the day after tomorrow two days after/in two days time
next week/month/year the next week/month/year
last week/month/year the week/ month/ year before
now
地点状语 here there
[注] 如果说话人所处之地即为引述人之所,here 可以不变
例如:
He said: "I will come here again this weekend."
He said he would go there again that weekend.
She said: "I finished the work the
day before yesterday."
She said she had finished the work two days before.
注:如果引述时间与说话时间相同(如同一天、月或年),时间状语不变,只变时态假如说话地点与引述地点亦相同,地点状语亦可不变,如上述例句:
He said: "I will come here again this weekend."
He said he would come here again this weekend.
2). 疑问句的变化
间接引语中引述疑问句时,除上述陈述句变化的特点须注意外,还须注意其独特的变化规财。
直接引语―――――> 间接引语
一般疑问句 常用whether/if + 陈述句语序
选择疑问句 只用whether + 陈述句语序
附加疑问句 只用whether + 陈述句语序
特殊疑问句 (直接引语中) wh-词 + 陈述句语序
例如:
They asked: "Do you want to go swimming?"
They asked whether/if I wanted to go swimming.
She asked: "Is Mary an American or
an English woman?"
She asked whether Mary is an American or an English woman.
The police asked: "When did the accident
take place?"
The police asked when the accident had taken place.
注:有一类直接引语形式上是一般疑问句,实际上却表示请求、劝告、提议(或建议),这类一般疑问句变为间接引语时,其特点如下:
1) 表示请求和劝告的一般疑问句变为间接引语时常用"ask/advise/want +宾语 + 不定式"结构。例如:
"Would you post a letter for me?"he asked.
He asked me to post a letter for him.
2) 表示建议或提议的一般疑问句变为间接引语时:表建议用"suggest + V-ing/that-clause"; 表提议用"offer
+ to do"结构。例如:
"Shall I shut the window?"(建议) "我是否把窗子关上?"
He suggested shutting/that he shut the window.
"Shall I carry your bag?" (提议)"我帮你拿提包,好吗?"
She offered to carry my bag.
2. 辨析:后缀 -ic与 -ical
(1)用含-ic字尾的名词造形容词时,可在后面加-al,如music-musical。也可能有两个形容词,其中一个在名词后加-al,另一个不加任何字尾,如magic
(n.)-magic (adj.), magical。
(2)由同一名词造成的两个形容词,意义可能不同,如history-historic, historical;两个形容词的意义也可能相同,但用法不同,如poet-poetic,
poetical。
electronic 电子的
scientific 科学的
critical 批判的
electrical 与电有关的,用电的
chemical 化学的
statistical 统计的
historic 历史上著名的
historical 有关历史的
poetic 诗的;美的,富于想像力的
poetical 以诗的方式写的
economic 经济的,赚钱的
economical 节俭的,精打细算的
heroic 英勇的,壮大的
atmospheric 产生神秘美感,奇异感的
3. 复合形容词:用前缀和后缀构成的复合形容词
class-conscious 有阶级觉悟的
water-proof 不透水的
tax-free 免税的
fire-resistant 耐火的
loose-fitting 宽松的
car-sick 晕车的
tight-lipped 嘴紧的
vacuum-sealed 真空封闭的
air-tight 密闭的
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