(一)重点词汇和短语
1. average adj. standard or level regarded as ordinary or usual普通的,一般的[同]ordinary;
mean 平均的
[例句] What is the yearly income of an average family in Chengdu?
成都普通家庭的年收入是多少?
The average age of the students in this class is 18.
这个班的学生的平均年龄是18岁。
[记忆法]--age构成名词的形式在英语中较为常见。例:damage损害 baggage行李 marriage婚姻passage通过 storage仓库
[考点]习惯用法:
(1)on the(an) average一般说来
On the average they have more than 10,000 tourists every summer.
一般说来,每年夏天她们要接待10,000多位游客.
(2)above/below the average 在一般水平以上/以下
Their living standard is below the average.
他们的生活水平低于平均水准。
[典型考题]On the ____, we work five days a week. [A]
A. average B. available C. greatest D. refreshing
[试题解析]on the average 平均,一般说来; available可利用的,可获得的; greatest最大的; refreshing使精力恢复的
2. intelligence n. the
power of perceiving, learning, understanding and knowing; mental ability
智力;情报,信息;情报人员
[例句] She is a girl of intelligence. 她是个聪明女孩。
[记忆法] intelligent adj. 聪明的 intelligently adv.聪明地,明智地
[考点]an intelligence test 智力测验 military intelligence 军事情报
3.necessarily adv. as a necessary
result; inevitably 必定地,不可避免地 [同] inevitably, unavoidably
[例句] Great music is not necessarily appreciated by everyone. 伟大的音乐不一定人人都能欣赏。
[记忆法] 派生词 necessary adj. 必然的 necessity n.必要性 necessities n.必需品 necessitate
vt. 使……成为必要
4.
case n.
(1)instance
or example of the occurrence of sth.事实,实情
(2)instance of a disease or an injury 病例,实例
(3)matter that is being officially investigated 案件,案情
(4)any of various types of container or protective covering箱子.盒子
[记忆法]与case相关短语:
an urgent case 急症 a pencil case 铅笔盒 cigarette case烟盒 suitcase 手提箱 bookcase
书架 dressing-case化妆盒 pillow-case枕套
[考点]习惯用法
(1)be the case: be true 真的,真实情况 [注意]:case前必须有the,case要用单数。
It's the case with everyone.人人情况如此。
(2)in any case 无论如何
I won't leave you alone in any case. 无论如何我都不会丢下你一个人的。
(3)in no case 决不 该词组用于句首时需用倒装结构
In no case should we give up halfway.我们决不半途而废.
(4)in case 假使,万一 ,该词组引导的从句可以用"should+动词原形"的虚拟语气,也可用陈述语气.
Take your raincoat in case it (should) rain. 带上雨衣以防下雨.
In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了,请提醒我.
(5)in case of 如果,万一 注意其与in the case of 的差别,后者表示"……的情况,就……而言".
In case of rain, we will put off the sports meet.万一下雨,我们就推迟运动会。
[典型考题]You may ask your teacher ____difficulty. [B]
A. in any case B.in case of C.in case D. in the case of
[试题解析]题意:万一碰到困难,你可以问老师. in case of 引出的是一个条件状语, of后跟名词; in any case不合题意;
in case后接从句; in the case of 意为"就……来说,至于……"
5.additional adj. extra; added 额外的,附加的
[例句] There are additional charges to the cost of the car.除了车价,还有额外的费用要付。
[记忆法]add(v.加上)--addition(n.附加物)+-al-->额外的,附加的 后缀-al可构成形容词: international国际的
professional职业的 political 政治的 national 国家的 natural自然界的
『考点』习惯用法:
(1) in addition 此外(还)
My mother gave me some bread for my picnic and a bag of apples in addition.
我母亲给我一些野餐的面包,还有一袋苹果。
(2) in addition to 除....之外,to在这里作介词,后面接名词或动名词。
We saw Mickey Mouse cartoon in addition to the cowboy movie.
除牛仔之外,我们还看了米老鼠的动画片。
⒎ weekly adj. once a week每周的,一周一次的 adv.每周,每周一次 n.周刊(报)
[例句] Tom's weekly wage is $500. 汤姆的周薪是500美元。(形容词)
Her mails are checked weekly.她每周检查一次邮件。(副词)
Do you read Chengdu Weekly? 你看《成都周刊》吗? (名词)
[记忆法]week(星期)+-ly -->每周的 注意:后缀-ly一般构成副词,但此处则构成形容词,类似的词还有:
hourly每小时一次的 daily每日的 monthly每月的 yearly每年的 motherly母爱的 friendly友好的 lonely孤独的
lovely可爱的
[考点] weekly既可以作形容词也可为副词,应在句子中仔细辨别。
8.schedule n. list or statement of details, esp. of times for doing things.时间表
[同] timetable 程序表,节目表 v. 做......目录,安排
[例句] Everything is going according to schedule. 一切都在按预定计划进行。(名词)
The sale is scheduled for tomorrow. 大减价定于明日举行。(动词)
[记忆法] 辅音连缀sch--通常读做『sk』 类似的单词还有: school 学校 scholar 学者 scheme 计划,方案
[考点]习惯用语:ahead of schdule 提前 behind schdule 晚点 on schdule 准时
9.chart n. sheet of paper with information,in the
form of picture,diagrams,etc.图表,海图
[例句] This is a naval chart. 这是一张海军航图。
[记忆法] chart和charter两词词性相似,但意义不同,后者为名词表示"宪章,契约"。
[考点]
chart table graph辨析:
chart "图表",泛指包涵一定信息或说明一定问题的图形或表格,如 weather chart 气象图。
table 特指表格形式。
gragh 多指以曲线测形式反映某种事物的变化或两种事物的对比。
10. fill in : write in ; put in ; 填入 ,填写
[例句]Please fill in your name on the form .请在表格上填上你的名字。
You are required to fill in blanks with proper tense .要用适当的时态填空。
比较:fill in , fill out 在表示"填写"时可以互换。但表示"填补,填空"时,只能用
fill in ,而不用fill out .
Please fill in the blanks with the words given below.请用给出的词填空。
11.commit vt. (1)assign to a specified purpose 调配……以供使用
(2)perform a crime or a foolish act犯(罪)(错)
[例句] The boss can't commit any more money to improving the workers' working
conditions. 老板无力拨款改善工人的工作条件。
He is so silly to have committed such an error. 他怎么这么笨,居然犯这种错误。
[考点]习惯用法:commit a mistake 犯错误, commit suicide自杀, commit a crime犯罪
[辨析]do ,make ,perform,commit:
⑴do "做,干",通常表示一般意义的执行某事。
He does his homework every evening.他每晚都做家庭作业。
(2)make"做"强调创造性的去做。
I'm going to make this material into a shirt.我要用这块料子做件衬衫。
(3)perform 强调努力的或坚持的干。多为正式用语。
The chairman performed his duties perfectly.主席出色的履行了他的职责。
(4)commit 更侧重于犯罪,干坏事或不好之事,多与crime(犯罪),error (错误),suicide( 自杀) 等词搭配。
12. etc. and the rest; and all the others 等等(拉丁文)
[记忆法]该词是et cetera的 缩写形式。英语中省略词较多,例如:sb.=somebody某人 ad.=advertisement广告
TV=television电视 flu=influenza流感
[考点] etc.一般不用于人名的罗列,而用and others替代。
13. decide on : determine, choose
(sb. or sth .) 决定,选定
[例句] Has the list of candidates been decided on ?候选人的名单下来了吗?
Have you decide on spending your summer holidays at home?你已决定在家过暑假吗?
14.be sure : be certain (to do ) 一定(要)
[例句] Be sure to take care of yourself 。你要好好照顾自己。
Be sure not to miss the bus .一定要赶上车。
比较:make sure (that ) :find out for sure 确信。
[例句] Have you made sure that the train has not already left?你确信火车还没走?
15.aside adv. on or to one side
在一边 [同]sideways
[记忆法] a - +side 旁边-->在旁边,在一边。前缀a-可构成副词,如:abroad 在船上,在国外 apart 排开,拆开
along 一起 aloud 大声地 away 离开
[考点]习惯用法:
(1) aside from 除......以外(尚有)[同]apart from
Aside from being good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
游泳除了是项有用的运动外,还是一门很有用的技术。
(2)set aside :save(time ,money etc.)for special purpose 留出,拨出
She has set aside the weekend for reading .她整个周末用来看书。
Each week I tried to set aside a few dollars for a bike .每周我都设法存几美元以购买一辆自行车。
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