16.normal
: adj. usual or regular 正常的 [反] abnormal不正常的
[例句] The normal place for us to study is classroom.我们通常的学习地点是教室。
Weeping is a normal response to pain. 哭泣是痛苦的正常反应。
[记忆法]同根词记忆: norm n.标准,常规 norm+-al-> 正常的 supernormal adj. 超常的 subnormal
adj. 低于正常的 enormous(e--超+norm 标准+--ous-->) adj. 庞大的 normalize v. 使正常化
normally adv.正常地
[辨析] normal, usual, natural和regular:
normal "正常化,平常的",强调在一定范围或一定标准之内。
Normal body temperature ranges from 36℃ to 37 ℃。人体正常体温在摄氏36℃到37℃之间。
usual "平常的,通常的,一向的",强调没有发生意外或奇怪的事情。
This is my usual order for lunch. 我午餐通常吃这些。
natural"自然的,正常的"强调符合人与自然的本性,自然的,不奇怪的。
It is natural for children to love their parents.孩子爱父母是正常的。
regular 指强调符合某种规律或计划。
He leads a regular life. 他生活有规律。
17.reading n. act of one who reads 阅读,读书
[记忆法]同以下词一起记:read v.读 reader n. 读者,读本 read 加后缀-ing 可构成名词。 类似例子:painting
n. 图画 writing n. 写作,书法
[考点]reading 作为阅读、读书时为不可数名词。 suitable reading for children 适合儿童看的读物。把 reading
放在名词之前则充当定语起修饰作用。reading room 阅览室
18.assignment : n. give for use or enjoyment, or
as a share or part in a distribution,eg. of work, duty 作业,(分派的)任务 [同]
task
[记忆法]assign (分配,指派)+-ment -->任务,作业 后缀-->-ment
置于动词后构成名词,例: amusement 娱乐 excitement 兴奋 encouragement 鼓励 enjoyment 享受
goverment 统治
[辨析]task,assignment 和 duty:
task 与assignment 意义相近,但task强调某特别的任务并且该任务受环境或某主管人迫使。
He performed a variety of tasks for the company.他为公司完成了许多任务。
assignment 则强调任务的限度和范围。
One of his assignments was to interview the president.他任务之一是采访总统。
duty 则强调义务或责任。the duties of a lifeguard 救生员的职责
19.occupy vt. take and keep possession of ⑴占用,占领[同]take
up ⑵使忙碌,使从事
[例句] The big table occupies too much room.这张大桌子占了太多的地方。
[记忆法]与以下词一起记:occupancy n. 占用期间 occupation n. 占领;职业 occupational adj. 职业的,军事占领的
occupier n. 占用者
[考点]习惯用法:be occupied in doing 忙于
He was occupied in writing a book.他忙于写书。
注意:我们也可以用反身代词作occupy 的宾语。
如:He occupied himself in writing a book. 他忙于写书。
比较另一搭配用法:
be occupied with sth. 从事......
He was occupied with a book. 他忙于写书。
20. relaxation : n. relaxing or being relaxed 放松,休息,娱乐
[例句] I play golf for relaxaion .我打高尔夫消遣。
[记忆法]构词法:relax (放松)+--ation --->休息。后缀-ation 的用法见本课 addition。
[考点]该词作为"放松,娱乐"使为不可数名词,但作为"娱乐活动"时则可数。
Walking and reading are his favorite relaxations. 散步和看书是他喜欢的消遣活动。
relax : v. cause or allow to become less tight, stiff, strict or rigid
放松,放宽
[考点]该动词可作及物也可作不及物动词。
A good message always relaxes me. 好消息总是让我轻松。(此句中作及物动词)
Lean back and relax. 向后靠,放松点。(此句中作不及物动词)
21.hobby : n. occupation, not one's regular business, for one's leisure
time
业余爱好
[辨析] hobby, habit 和 custom:
hobby 兴趣爱好,多指业余时间有意识培养起来的并需要一定专业知识积累的个人爱好,一般是健康、有益的方面,如:stamp collecting
等。
habit 指"个人习惯",多指无意形成的习惯,既可以是好习惯,也可 为坏习惯。
如:He has a habit of smoking.他有吸烟的习惯; break sb. of a habit 使某人改掉习惯;get
into the habit of 养成.......的习惯; out of habit 出于习惯
custom 指"群体习惯",即风俗,多指国家、社会民族的风俗习惯。
如:social customs 社会风俗;the local customs 的地方风俗
22.entertainment : n. entertaining or being enterained
娱乐,招待
[例句] Television is an advertising entertainment
and news medium.
电视是广告节目和新闻媒介。
[记忆法] entertain 使娱乐+-ment --> 娱乐
[考点]该词为具体的娱乐节目时作为可数名词。
The local entertainments are listed in the newspaper. 报纸上登有本地的各种娱乐活动。
但作为"娱乐活动"总称时则不可数。
There is plenty of entertainment here.这儿有许多娱乐节目。
entertainment 作"接待"时为不可数名词。
This hotel is famous for its good entertainment.该饭店以其优良服务而著称。
entertain : vt. ⑴receive sb. as a guest 招待,款待 ⑵amuse 使娱乐
[记忆法]派生词:entertainer n. 表演者 entertaining adj. 有趣的 entertainment n.娱乐
[考点]entertain 和amuse 辨析
entertain 多指正式的,有准备的提供娱乐和招待
如: actors and actresses to entertain the troops 向军队慰问演出的男女演员们
amuse 则指随意的,没有一定目的的娱乐,多指消遣性的乐趣或娱乐,
如:an amused expression on one's face某人脸上露出的令人发笑的表情。
[考点]习惯用法:entertain oneself with sb. 以.... 自娱
The children entertained themselves with the games.孩子们玩游戏自娱自乐。
注意:amuse oneself by doing sth. 以做....自娱
The children amused themselves by playing games.孩子们以做游戏取乐。
23. as well:too ,also .也,又
[例句]They all do military training as well.他们也都进行了军训。
I ordered one apple pie, one hot-dog, and one ice-cream as well. 我点了一份苹果派,一份热狗,还有一份冰淇淋。
比较:as well as:也,同样。
It is important for you as well as for me.对你重要,对我也一样。
24.solve : vt.find the answer to 解决,解答 [同]work out
[例句] How did you solve that problem? 你是怎么解决那个问题的?
[记忆法]派生词:solution n.解决 resolve [re-(加强意义)+solve] v.解决
词性相似:revolve v.旋转 revolution n.旋转
[考点]solve,answer,settle辨析:
三词均有解决,解答意思,但习惯搭配有别。Solve:解决,多与problem,difficulty等搭配。answer:解答,通常接question.
settle :解决,多与matter ,dispute(争端),argument(争论)等词连用。
[典型考题]Richard
was very bright and __the crossword in ten minutes. [b]
a. solution b. solved c. settled d. ended
[试题解析]题意:理查很聪明,十分钟就把填字游戏做出来了。solve指找出解决问题的方法;settle指解决争议,争端,达成一致,如settle
the quarrel /disputes等。settle 接problem 等词时常可以与solve互换。
25.aware : adj. having knowledge or realization 意识到,知道
[记忆法]归类法:a--adjective 以a 开头的形容词有:asleep睡着的,awake醒着的,alive活着的,alike相似的,alone单独的,afraid害怕的,ahead前面的,ashamed
害羞的,astir轰动的
注意: 此类形容词在句中多充当表语成分,一般不用very修饰,作定语时一般放所修饰形容词之后。
[考点]
习惯用法:be aware of 意识到
He was not aware of my arrival.他不知道我到了.
该词组的be动词还可以换成become, grow 等词,表示逐渐认识.
She became aware of having done wrong.她逐渐意识到做错了.
be aware that (how,what……)接从句时省掉介词of.
Everyone was aware that they were in conflict.每个人都知道他们不和.
[辨析] aware(of)和conscious(of):
aware强调感官对外界事物的感觉; conscious则强调内心的感觉.
He was conscious of that man staring at him.他觉得那个人盯着他.
26.furthermore : adv. moreover; in addition 此外,而且 [同]further, moreover
[记忆法]构词法:further(进一步)+more,
further 是far的比较级,多指程度上"进一步"等抽象意义.
[考点]:该词用于句子附加或补充说明,可置于句首、句中或句尾,但需逗号与句子隔开。
The house isn't big enough for us, and furthermore, it's too far from
the town.
房子对我们来说不够大,而且离城太远。
27.enable : vt.make able,give authority or means(to do something)使……能够,使可能
[例句]Airplanes enable people to travel great
distance rapidly.飞机使人们快速穿越远距离成为可能。
[记忆法]构词法:en-(使……变得)+able(能力的)-使有能力。前缀en-加在形容词前构成动词,表示"使变得"。如:enlarge扩充,扩大
enrich使富裕 ensure使确信。en 也可以加在名词前构成动词,表示"放入,放……周围".如:enclose包围
encourage鼓励 enjoy享受.喜爱
enroll注册,登记 enforce迫使
[考点]习惯用法:enable sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
enable sth. 使某事成为可能,有助于
[典型考题]The
train will__me to get there in time. [c]
a. permit b. tolerate c. enable d. allow
[试题解析]题意:这趟火车使我能及时到达那里.enable使能够,后面一般跟复合结构;
permit允许,不能说"火车允许我及时到那儿";tolerate容忍,默许;allow允许,承认
28.activity : n. being active or lively活动
[记忆法]派生词:act v.行动,做 active adj.积极的 action n.行动,动作
activate vt.使活动,激活 activist n.积极分子 actor n.演员
[考点]该词表示具体活动时多以复数形式出现 ,campus activities校内活动;表示积极状态
或活动总称时不可数,productive activity 生产活动
29.adequate : adj. Enough 1.足够的,充足的 [反]inadequate
2.suitable, fit适合的,可以胜任的
[例句] His money is not even adequate to buy
a coffee.他的钱还不够买一杯咖啡。
[记忆法]派生词:adequacy n.足够 inadequacy n.不足
[考点]习惯用法:be adequate to 胜任
I hope he can be adequate to this new job.我希望他能胜任这项工作。
[辨析]adequate, enough 和ample:
adequate仅仅够,强调数量刚刚满足要求。enough强调数量足够,略有剩余。ample表示绰绰有余。可列一个不等式表明它们的关系:ample>enough>adequate
[典型考题]The quality of the prodect is quite __for local purposes. [d]
a. enough b. sufficient c. ample d. adequate
[试题解析]题意:这产品的质量可以充分满足当地的需要。enough 多指满足某种物质数量的需要;sufficient 指满足物质或精神上的需要;ample
指数量多,充足有余;adequate指数量或质量正好达到一般要求,强调没有多余。
30.choose……as(for):
choose (sth./sb.) to be 挑选……作为……
[例句] We chose him as our monitor 我们选他当班长
Many students choose the classroom for their study area.
许多学生选教室作为他们学习场所。
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