31. distraction : n. distracting or being distracted分散（注意力）

[例句] Noise is a distraction when you are trying to study.你要学习时，噪音会分散你的注意力。

[记忆法]构词法：dis-（除去，分离）+tract(系统，吸引力)+tion（名词后缀）-不注意
派生词： distract v.分散，分心 distracted adj.心烦意乱的 distractingly adv.使人心烦地 前缀dis-表示"相反"或"逆向，除去"，如：dissatisfied adj.不满意的 disagree v.不同意 discomfort n.不舒服 disconnect v.分开 distribute v.分发分配

32．concentrate : vi. focus one's attention on 专心，集中注意

[记忆法]构词法：con-(联合)+centr(e)(中心)+ate（使成为，表现为）--使成为共同的中心
--专注 派生词：concentrated adj. 集中的，浓缩的，如：concentrated fire集中火力
concentrated food 浓缩食品 concentration n.集中，专心

[考点]习惯用法： concentrate on/upon: keep one's attention, efforts, etc. to 全神贯注于
He concentrated on the study of English. 他把重点放在英语学习上。
My father is concentrating on fishing. 我父亲正全神贯注的钓鱼。

33．skim : vt. (1)look quickly through (to locate main ideas)略读,浏览 (2) move lightly over a surface 轻轻掠过 (3)从……中提取精华，撇去（液体表面）的漂浮物

[例句] It is Mr. Black's habit to skim the newspaper at breakfast.布来克先生习惯于早餐时翻看一下报纸。
On summer evenings, dragonflies are seen skim over the river.夏天傍晚时分，蜻蜓在河面上飞来飞去。
Would you please skim the cream from the milk? 你把牛奶上的油脂去掉好吗？

[记忆法]词义联想：skip v.跳过 scan v.略读 browse v. 翻阅，浏览

[辨析] skim,scan 和skip：
skim"浏览"，强调快速读一遍，从而获得主旨大意。skim through a newspaper浏览报纸。
scan"略读"，带着具体问题而浏览整篇材料，以获得所需信息。
She scanned the book for his name, but couldn't find it.
她在书中查阅她的名字，但没找到。
skip"跳读"，指忽略不需要的部分或章节而看。
He skipped some uninteresting chapters of the book.他跳过书中一些没有意义的章节。

34．look over: survey ,examine 查看，浏览

[例句]Please look over your paper carefully. 请仔细检查试卷
He looked over several kinds of new cars before deciding. 他看了好几款新车之后才作决定。

35． preview ： vt.view of a film or play before it is shown to the general public预习，预演

[例句] It is a good habit to preview one's lessons before class.预习功课是个好习惯。
We attended a preview of the fashion show. 我们参观了一场时装预演。

[记忆法]构词法：pre-(在……之前)+view--先看--预习。可与"review v.复习"一起记忆。
前缀pre-表示"在……前，先"。 例如： previous adj.先前的。 preserve v.保护、防护； prewar adj.战前的； prehistoric adj.史前的

36. content : adj. satisfied with what one has 满意的，满足的
n. that which is contained in sth.容量, 含量, 内容, 目录

[例句] Mother is content with her son.母亲对儿子很满意。

[记忆法]形近词：context n.上下文 contest n.比赛 contend n.竞争，斗争

[考点]作"内容"讲时，只可用单数，但作为（书刊等)目录时多为复数。
I don't like the content of this book. 我不喜欢这本书的内容。
Please look at the contents page before reading .请在阅读前先看一看目录

[典型考题]Are you __with your present salary? [a]
a. content b. context c. satisfy d. glad

[试题解析]题意：你对你现在的薪水感觉满意吗？content 常和with 连用，表示满足，满意；context 指上下文，前后关系；satisfy 指符合自己的心愿或实现愿望而高兴，用法为be satisfied with 对……心满意足；glad 高兴的，喜欢的；但用法为be glad about sth. , be glad to do sth.没有be glad with 这种用法。

37．organize : vt. （1）put into working order 组织；（2）form into a whole 编组 [反] disorganize

[例句] Students are organized to take part in community services.学生们被组织起来参加社区活动。
Please allow me a minute to organize my thoughts.请给我一分钟时间整理一下思绪。

[记忆法]构词法：organ(机关，组织)+ize （使……化） 派生词：organ n.器官；机关 organic adj.器官的，有机的 organism n. 生物体，有机体 organization n.组织，团体 organized adj.有组织的 后缀-ize或-ise 构成动词 如：realize v.实现 popularize v.普及，推广 legalize v.使合法化 modernize v.使现代化

[典型考题]In order to make his speech vivid and powerful, he __a lot of facts.[c]
a. prepare b. plan c. organized d. collect

[试题解析]题意：为了使他的演讲更加生动具有说服力，他组织了大量的事实。organize 指组织编排、成体系，使有条理

38．later adv. at a later time ;afterwards 后来，以后[同]after

[例句] The driver came five days later.司机五天后才来。

[记忆法]形近词：latter adj.后者的，后面的，其反义词：former adj.前面的

[考点]作形容词时表示"更迟的，更后的"，是late 的比较级。

[典型考题]The former focuses on the natural world;the __starts with human beings and studies how human beings and their environment act upon each other.[d]
a. second b. later c. next d. latter

[试题解析]the former……the latter 是固定用法，指两者中的"前者……后者"。second ,next 一般与first 连用；later 迟的，晚的

39．skip : vt.jump lightly and quickly 略过，跳过（不看）[同]leave out

[记忆法] skipper n.船长，领队

[辨析] skip ,skim 和scan：见本课单词skim
40. portion : n. a part or a share given when something is distributed 一部分，一份

[例句] He divided up his property and gave a portion to each of his children.他把财产分给子女，每人一份。

[辨析] part, portion, share, section：
part为普通用语，指对整体而言的部分并且没有明显的区分，其反义词为whole.
They ran only part of the way.他们只跑了一段路。
portion 强调被分派的部分或份额。They cut the pie into six portions. 他们把饼切成六份。
share 则强调共同享有或承担的一份。You must take your share of the blame. 你必须承担你的责任。
section 指分割成相对小的部分或独立部分。the entertainment section of the newspaper报纸的娱乐版

[典型考题] If you decrease the __of alcohol in solution ,it would be less dangerous.[b]
a. part b. portion c. section d. share

[试题解析]portion 指某物所占的份额；part纯粹为部分，并无比例的内涵；section 指通过或似乎通过切割或分离而形成的部分，如指书，文章或城市等的某一部分，share指所分享，分担的一部分，侧重的是共性。

41．double : vt. become twice as great 翻番，增加一倍
adj. (1)twice as much 两倍的 (2) having two like things or parts 双的，双重的

[例句] The price of houses has doubled in the past two years.这两年房价翻了一倍。
The profit of this factory is doubled what it was a year ago.工厂的利润是两年前的一倍。

[记忆法]归类法：double 与duple 为同源异体词，均表示"两倍的，双重的"。后缀-ble或-ple有"倍，重"的含义。可与下列词一起记忆：triple 三倍 multiple adj.多重的，多样的
double作形容词表"双的，双重的"： a double bed双人床； a double track双轨；
a double-faced man 伪君子； a double character双重性格

[典型考题]The price of vegetables has __because of bad weather. [a]
A. doubled B. doubted C. troubled D. drafted
[试题解析]题意：由于恶劣的天气，蔬菜的价格翻了一番；double使增加一倍，翻一番；
doubt怀疑，不相信；trouble麻烦，打扰；draft起草，草拟

42．comprehension : n. the mind's act or power of understanding理解（力）[反]incomprehension

[例句] The problem is beyond his comprehension. 这个问题超出了他的理解力。
[记忆法]派生词：comprehend vt.领会，理解 comprehensive adj.综合的，广泛的
comprehensible adj.能理解的 comprehensively adv.综合地，广泛地

[典型考题]Do you have any ____about what living beings on other planets
would be like? [c]
A. ideal B. comprehension C. notion D. intelligence

[试题解析]题意：你对其他行星上的生命可能的状态有没有什么概念？ideal的意思是"理想的人或物，理想的标准"；comprehension的意思是"理解"；notion的意思是"概念，观念，想法"；intelligence的意思是"智力，才智"。

43． make use of: take advantage of 利用

[例句] We should make full use of our natural resources. 我们应该充分利用我们的自然资源。
You must make good use of any opportunities of practicing English.你们必须好好利用任何机会练英语。

44．go over: review; examine 复习；检查

[例句] He went over his notes again before exam. 考前他把笔记又复习一遍
We went over the list of names and chose two.我们查阅名单，从中挑了两位。

45．mention : vt . speak or write something about; say the name of; refer to 说起，提及

[例句] What were you talking about? I heard my name mentioned.你们刚才在谈什么？我听到我的名字了。

[考点]习惯用法：not to mention 更不用说，后面接名词或动名词
He can't walk, not to mention running.他不会走，更别说跑了
Don't mention it.（客套语）不用谢。
mention还可用作名词：at the mention of 在（听人）提到……时
He brightened up at the mention of tea. 一提到茶，他就兴奋起来

[典型考题] We had expected him to discuss the new project in his speech, but he hardly
even_____ it.
A. told B. mentioned C. said D. talked [B]

[试题解析]mention 谈及，提到，与 tell about(of), talk of近义

46.confused: adj. mixed up in one's mind 迷惑的，混淆的

[例句] They confused me by asking a lot of questions. 他们提了一大堆问题，把我都弄糊涂了。

[记忆法]派生词：confuse vt. 混淆，使迷惑 confusion n. 混乱 confusing adj.令人迷惑的

[辨析]confused 和confusing：
－ed形容词强调所处的状态，"使感到……"，－ing 形容词则强调事物性质，"令人……"。类似这样的形容词还有：excited 感到兴奋的；exciting 令人兴奋的；frightened 感到害怕的；frightening 令人害怕的。interested 感兴趣的；interesting 有趣的。 worried 焦虑的； worrying 令人担心的。

[典型考题] The work in the office was______by a constant stream of visitors.
A. confused B. hampered C. reversed D. perplexed [B]

[试题解析]题意：来来往往的参观者阻碍了办公室的工作。confused 的意思是"糊涂的，迷惑的"; hampered 的意思是"阻碍的，妨碍的，牵制的"; reversed 的意思是"颠倒的，相反的"; perplexed 的意思是"窘困的，困惑的"。
confuse vt. （1）mix up in the mind 混淆，使迷惑 （2）put into disorder 把……混同

[考点]习惯用法：confuse sth. with sth. 弄错，混淆
He always confuses Chinese with Japanese. 他总分不清中国人和日本人。

[辨析]confuse, puzzle 和bewilder：
三词均表示"迷惑"，但confuse 多指强烈的困惑，因纷乱而理不出头绪。puzzle
为普通用词，指问题复杂，使人伤脑筋而难以解决。bewilder 强调思维混乱而无法作出明智的
判断。

[典型考题]I'm always ___John and Paul――which one is John? [C]
A. confronting B. conflicting C. confusing D. confining

[试题解析]confront 面对，（使）面对；conflict 冲突，斗争；confine 限制

47．textbook : n. book giving instruction in a branch of learning 课本
[记忆法]构词法：text(课文)＋book(书)→写课文的书。 类似的复合词还有: notebook n. 笔记本

48．meaningful adj. significant; full of meaning 有意义的 [反]meaningless

[例句] The meeting is a meaningful one. 这是一次有意义的会议。

[记忆法]派生词：mean v. 意味 meaning n. 意义，含义 meanfulness n. 意义，涵义
后缀－ful 构成形容词，例如：beautiful 美丽的 careful 仔细的 colorful彩色的

49．lead to :result in, cause 导致，引起

[例句] The heavy rain led to serious floods in the south .在南方大雨引起了严重水灾。
All roads lead to Rome .条条大路通罗马。

50．performance : n. (1)achievement 成绩；表现 (2) performing 表演

[例句] His performance in the test is not good enough.他在这次测验中做得不够好。
Are you going to the evening performance? 你去不去看晚场演出？

[记忆法]派生词：perform vt. 完成，表演 performer n.执行者，表演者 后缀－ance/
－ence 构成名词，例如：importance n. 重要性 acquaintance n.熟人，相识 circumstance n.条件，情况 preference n.喜爱

51． attitude : n.(1) way of feeling 看法，态度 (2) way of positioning the body 姿势

[例句] The government takes a firm attitude in cracking down crimes.政府态度坚定地打击犯罪。
He stood there in a menacing attitude.他以一种威胁的姿势站在那里。

[记忆法]形近词：altitude n.海拔，高度 aptitude n. 才能，天分 latitude n.纬度

[考点]习惯用法：attitude to/toward 例：attitude of entreaty 恳求的样子

[典型考题]What's your __toward this idea? [C]
A. altitude B. aspect C. attitude D. attribute

[试题解析]attitude 在此句中表示看法，其后跟to；altitude高度；aspect方面，样子； attribute把……归于

52． purpose :n. aim, plan design 意图，目的 [同]intention

[ 例句] The purpose of the meeting is to collect money for the laid-off workers in the factory.开会的目的是为了给厂里的下岗工人捐款。

[记忆法]派生词：purposeful adj.有意的 purposeless adj.无意的 purposely adv.故意地

[考点]习惯用法：on purpose 故意地 [同] deliberately
I've come on purpose to speak to you.我特意来和你谈谈。
for (the )purpose of 为了……[同]for the sake of
Did you come to London for the purpose of seeing your family? 你到伦敦来是为了见见你的家人？

[典型考题] I came here for nothing else but to see you_ _. [D]
A. purpose B. propose C. to the purpose D. on purpose

[试题解析]题意：我来不为了别的而是专程来看你的。

53．excessively: adv. greatly; extremely 过分，极端地

[例句] It does harm to you if you do exercises excessively.过量运动有害健康。

[记忆法]派生词：excess n.过分，过量 excessive adj.过分的，极度的
excessive : adj. too much; great; extreme 过分的,极度的
The man has drunk excessive amount of alcohol. 这人饮酒过量。

[记忆法]构词法：excess (过量）＋－ive(有……特性的），后缀－ive构成形容词，表示"有……倾向的，有……特征的，有……品质的，"如：expensive 昂贵的 creative 创造性的 active 积极的 effective 有效的 defective有缺点的

54. permanent : adj. lasting or expected to last for a long time or for ever 永久的，持久的 [同]lasting [反]temporary 暂时的

[例句] What's your permanent address? 你的固定住所是哪里？

[辨析]everlasting, eternal, permanent：
everlasting 强调动作的持续性，如：I am tired of your everlasting quarrels.
我厌倦了你的无休止的争吵。
eternal 永恒，多强调生命，真理等事物没有中止，如：the eternal love 永恒的爱
permanent 则指永久的，多强调事物稳定不变，如: permanent residence 永久居留（绿卡）

[典型考题]He hated wandering about and expected to find a _ _ position in Civil Service of government . (C)
A. permissive B. perceptive C. permanent D. perpetual

[试题解析]题意：他不喜欢四处飘泊，希望在政府机关找到一份稳定的工作。
permanent 指永久不变的；如住宅地址，职业等；perpetual 指动作无休止进行或状态无休止持续，如流水，不停的抱怨等；permissive 纵容的，放任的，自由的，perceptive 可察觉到的

55. technique : n. technical or mechanical 方法，技巧

[ 例句] They are applying modern technique to the traditional craft.他们将现代技术用于传统手工业。

[记忆法]派生词：technique = technic(美) technician n.技师，技术工
technical adj.技术的，工艺的

[辨析] technique ,technology：
technique强调用于生产的本领，技能或技巧（具体）；
His techniques of photographing are well-known. 他的摄影技术闻名遐尔。
technology 是指总的科学技术（抽象）
energy technology能源技术, science and technology 科学技术

56. share with : have with others or deal with 共有，分享

[例句] I share the bedroom with my sister. 我与妹妹合住一间卧室。
Tom will share the rent with his roommate.汤姆将与他的室友共同分担租金。

57. helpful: adj. make it easier for somebody to do something 有益的，给予帮助的

[反]helpless

[例句] You are always helpful to me.你总是帮我。

[记忆法]派生词: help n./v. 帮助 helpfully adv. 帮助地，有益地

[ 考点]习惯用法：be helpful to 对……有帮助
The experience might be helpful to her 经验可能对她有益。