（一） 词汇和短语
1．efficiency n state or quality of being efficient 效率，功效 [同] effectiveness,
[反] inefficiency
[例句]They finished their work with great efficiency.他们高效率地完成了工作。
[记忆法] 和形容词 efficient "效率高的"一起记忆。
Mary is an efficient secretary. 玛丽是一个办事效率高的秘书。 2．find
out: learn or discover 查明；发现（尤指坏事）
[例句] Mary was angry when Jane found out her secrets. 简发现玛丽的秘密后，她非常生气。
You may get away with dishonesty for a while, but you'll be found out
sooner or later. 不诚实只能蒙蔽一时，迟早会被发现的。
［辨析］find, find out和look for
find: get sth. that is hidden or lost esp. by searching. 发现，找到。指通过搜寻找到了丢失或不见了的东西(具体事物)，强调结果。
I can't find my boots. 我找不到我的靴子。
find out 指查明事实真相或得出什么结论(抽象事物)。
Scientists have found out many mysteries about the nature.科学家已经发现了有关自然界的许多秘密。
Look for:指寻找过程，不告之结果。
He was looking for his pen, but didn't find it. 他寻找他的笔，但没有找到。
3．turn out: happen to be or found to be
in the end 结果是
[例句] The examination turned out (to be) easy. 考试结果是很简单。
It turned out that he was George's father. 结果他就是乔治的父亲。
4．industrial adj. of industries 工业的，产业的
[记忆法] 派生词 industry n. 工业，industrial adj.工业的，industrialist n.工业家，实业家 industrialize
v.使工业化
[考点]注意industrial 与 industrious的区别：后者的意思是"勤奋的"。
［例句］We must cultivate our own industrial workers. 我们必须培养我们自己的产业工人。
Chinese people there are very industrious. 在那儿的中国人都非常勤奋。
5．neat adj. tidy; in good order with nothing
out of place 整洁的 [同] clean, orderly
[例句] He keeps his room neat.他把房间保持得很整洁。
[记忆法] 词缀法： neatly adv. 整洁地, neatness
n. 整洁
6．elementary adj. of or in the beginning
stage (s) 初等的，初级的 [同]basic, primary, simple, introductory
[例句] He works at an elementary school.他在一所小学工作。
[记忆法]element 是名词，意思是：分子，成分，其复数形式有"基础"之意，如the elements of grammar,
所以 elementary 作为它的派生形容词具有"初等的"之意。
[考点]比较elemental 和 elementary: 当这两个词都作"基本的"时，可以交换使用，但elemental强调人的自然属性之根本，如：elemental
aspects of life, 其反义词是secondary (将要的)；它的另外一层含义是自然力的，如：elemental forces。而elementary则侧重指最简单的原理或问题，如：elementary
algebra 初等代数，它的反义词是advanced, complex
[典型考题]The student took a course in ___ math. ［ B ］
A. element B. elementary
C. eloquence D. embassy
[试题解析]题意：这个学生上过初等数学课。Elementary math 初等数学；element元素，要素；eloquence口才，雄辩；embassy大使馆
7．sock n. short stocking not reaching
the knee 短袜
[例句] He bought a pair of socks 他买了一双短袜；
[记忆法] 归类记忆： stockings 长筒袜
[考点]常用短语：pull one's socks up：make an effort to.改进自己的表现或成绩。
His teacher told him to pull his socks up, or he'd undoubtedly fail his
exam.老师要他加把劲儿，不然考试准会不及格
8．drawer n. box-like
container which slides in and out of a piece of furniture, etc. 抽屉
[记忆法]构词法：draw+er, 抽屉是要拉（draw）出来的。由于draw 作为动词还有"画图"的意思，所以drawer也有"绘图者"的意思。
9.bureau n. chest of drawers for clothes,
etc. 衣柜
[考点]该词还有政府部门的"局""处""司"的意思，如Federal Bureau
of Investigation,美国联邦调查局，即FBI。
10.underwear n. 内衣
[记忆法]构词法：under+wear→穿在里面的东西→内衣，
［例句］She packed one change of underwear.她打点好一套替换的内衣物。
11. pants n. trousers 裤子 [同] trousers（美式英语）
[记忆法]由 pant(喘气)加s构成，underpants 内裤
12. expert n. person with special knowledge,
skill or training 专家，能手 [同] specialist, professional adj.expert 熟练的，老练的
［例句］He is an agricultural expert 他是一个农业专家。
[考点] 习惯用法：become expert at (doing) sth. 熟练的，老练的，
He is expert at/in cooking good cheap meals.他善于烹制又好吃又便宜的饭菜
[记忆法] expertise 专业知识
13. kitchen n.
room in which meals are cooked of prepared 厨房
[考点] 习惯用法：everything but the kitchen sink (infml口)every possible (movable)object所有（能移动的）物品
We always seem to take everything but the kitchen sink when we go on holiday.我们度假时好像总把一切能带的东西都带着。
14. utensil n. instrument, tool, etc.
esp. for use in the house 用具、器皿 [同] implement, tool，
［例句］writing utensil 书写用具；cooking/kitchen utensils 烹调(厨房)用具
[考点]这个词用作"工具"讲，非常正式，现在它经常指厨房用具。 15. quality n. high degree of
goodness or worth 质量；品质 [同] character, property
[辨析] quality 和quantity：
quantity: 数量，large quantity 大量
quality质量，有"优质"的含义， products of quality或quality products 优质产品
[典型考题]The of service has improved. [C]
A. quantity B. attitude C. quality D. cost
[试题解析]题意：服务质量大有进步。quantity 数量, attitude虽然有"态度"的意思，但service本身就含有"服务态度"之意，无需再加上attitude;
cost指商品或服务的价格或成本。
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