32. whatsoever adj. no matter what; without considering what 任何的，无论什么样的

[考点]这个词与whatever含义一样，但语气更强。放在被修饰的词后，作后置定语。

[例句]　Spelling mistakes whatsoever will lead to misunderstanding. 无论什么样的拼写错误都会使人产生误解。 33. inspect vt.（1） examine carefully 检查[同] check, examine
（2）visit officially to see that rules obeyed or work done properly 视察

[例句] You should inspect the car before you buy it.在买车之前， 你应当仔细检查一下。
The visiting president inspected the troops. 来访的总统检阅了军队。

34. s a result: therefore, so 作为结果，因此

[例句] Tom didn't study hard, as a result, he failed to pass the difficult test. 汤姆没有努力学习，因此没有通过这次困难的考试。
He slipped and broke his leg. As a result, he will have to be away from school for two or three months. 他跌了一跤并摔断了腿，因此，他将有两三个月不能去上学。
比较：as a result of （后跟名词）由于
He is unable to go to work as a result of the fall from his horse. 由于他从马上摔了下来，所以不能去上班。

35. shipment n. （1）putting of goods on a ship 装运，运送 （不可数名词）
（2）items shipped 装载的货物 （可数名词）

[例句]　We need as immediate shipment of the cargo. 我们需要立即装运这些货物。
This is a shipment of grain for West Africa. 这是运往西非的一批谷物。

[记忆法]ship 作为动词意思是"用船装运"，所以shipment 是 ship作为动词的派生名词。

36. miss vt.（1） fail to hit ,hold, catch, reach, see etc. 未击中；错过；逃脱；
（2）lack 发现丢失;
(3)realize and feel sorry about the absence of 想念

[例句]　He fired but missed the target.他开了枪，却未击中靶子。
I found my purse was missing when I got home. 我回到家，发现钱包不见了。
How I miss him!我多么想念他呀！

[考点](1)miss 不能跟动词不定式，可跟动名词。如不能说miss to be caught, 而应当说miss being caught 未被逮住。（2）"发现钢笔丢失"可以说 I missed my pen this afternoon. 还可以说I found my pen missing this afternoon. 其中的missing 不能换成missed.

37. button n. small bit of bone, metal, etc for fastening on an article of clothing 钮扣， 按钮
vt. 扣上，扣紧 [同] fasten

[例句]　She bought some buttons for her trousers. 她买了几粒裤子扣子。
Button your coat!扣好衣服！

[考点]习惯用法：
do one's button up 扣上扣子
sew on a button 缝上扣子
push the button 按按钮

38. collar n. part of a garment that fits round the neck 领子

[记忆法] 归类记忆：sleeve 袖子, cuff 袖口， shoulder pad 垫肩 pocket 口袋

[考点] 习惯用法: hot under the collar愤慨的，尴尬的
The man became hot under the collar. 这人有些气愤。

39. sleeve n. part of a garment that covers all or part of the arm 袖子

［记忆法］参看 collar.

[考点]习惯用法：laugh in (或up) one's sleeve 暗暗发笑，窃笑
He laughed in his sleeves. 他暗自好笑。

40. except for: （1）apart from; with the exception of 除了……外
(2) but for 如果不是，要不是

[例句]　Your picture is good except for some of the colors. 除有些色彩（用得不好）以外，你的画不错。
We had a very good trip except for the rain on the way home. 如果不是因为在回家的路上下了点雨，我们这次出门还是玩得满愉快的。

[辨析]：except 和except for：
except:除了 （所除去部分与前面没有明显的所属关系）
We go there everyday except Sunday. 除了星期日，我们每天都去那儿。
except for 除去（从整体中除去一小部分）
The room was bare of furniture except for a few chairs. 这间屋子除了几个椅子以外没有什么家具。

41.relieve vt. give or bring relief to 减轻，解除，缓解，救济，解救 [同] lighten, help, benefit

[例句]　The medicine will relieve your headache. 这个药能减轻你的头疼。
The government has set up a special fund to relieve the flood victims.政府设立了一笔特殊基金用于赈济水灾灾民。

[记忆法］构词法：relief 名词

[考点]习惯用法：relieve sb. of 解除某人的（负担，责任等）
The board relieved him of his post as a manager. 董事会解除了他的经理职务。

[典型考题]The medicine the doctor gave him ___ his headache. [D]
A. freed B. refreshed
C. released D. relived

[试题解析]题意：医生给他的药消除了他的头疼。free使自由；refresh使新鲜，提神，振作；release 释放，放开；relieve 减轻，消除

42. go on strike: refuse to continue working 罢工

[例句]Your parcel was delayed because the post workers went on strike. 由于邮政工人罢工，你的包裹被耽搁了。
Some students wanted to call on the workers to go on strike.有些学生想煽动工人罢工。

43. boring adj. dull or uninteresting 令人厌烦的，无聊的 [同] dull, uninteresting, tiresome, flat

[例句] This film is boring. 这部电影很乏味。

[记忆法]该词是bore的动词ing形式。

44. bore vt. Make sb. feel tired by being dull or tedious 使人感到厌烦，无聊 [同] annoy, bother, tire
n. 讨厌的人，麻烦事

[例句] His lecture bored everyone. 他的课让每个人都感到无趣。
The boy is a bore. 这男孩真讨厌。

45. dull adj. (1)not bright or clear 阴暗的 [同] dark, dim
(2) lacking interest or excitement 无聊的，烦人的，郁闷的 [同] boring, flat, uninteresting
(3)(人)愚笨的 [同] stupid, unintelligent, dimwitted

[例句] The weather is dull. 天气阴暗。
The meeting was deadly dull. 会议开得死气沉沉的。
Teachers usually don't like dull students.老师通常不喜欢迟钝的学生。

[典型考题] I slept through her ___ speech. [D]
A. interesting B. odd
C. internal D. dull

[试题解析]题意：因她的演讲单调乏味，我睡着了。dull speech指枯燥无味的演说，正是因为枯燥、单调才睡着了；interesting有趣的，有趣的演说不会使人睡着；odd奇怪的，古怪的；internal 国内的，内部的

46. flow n. flowing movement n. 流动，流量 [同] current
vi. （1）move freely and continuously 流动 [同]stream, move, run, rush
(2) 垂，飘拂

[例句]　The flow of traffic in this area is large. 这个地区的交通流量很大。
Blood flows round the body. 血液在体内循环。
Her hair flows over her shoulder. 她长发垂肩。

[典型考题]The tears ___ from her eyes. [D]
A. combined B. met C. flowered D. flowed

[试题解析]题意：泪水从她的眼中流出。flow流动，流；combine 结合，联合；meet会合，碰上；flower开花

47. irregular adj. contrary to rules, to what is normal and established 不规则的，不稳定的，不定期的 [同] uneven, occasional, random ［反］regular

[例句] "Child" has an irregular plural. child一词的复数形式不规则。
The sick man has an irregular pulse. 这位病人的脉搏不均匀。

[记忆法] 派生法:前缀in-表示"不，非，无"。由于音的同化，字母r前用ir-,字母l前用il-,字母m,b,p前用im-,如：irregular, illegal, impossible, inactive.

48. absent-minded adj. so deep or far away in thought that one is unaware of what is doing, what is happening around one 心不在焉的

[例句]He is always absent-minded in class. 他上课总是心不在焉的。

[记忆法]联想记忆：absent缺席的， mind 心思， 因此连在一起就是"心不在焉的"。
minded 可以与形容词、副词或名词连用，构成复合形容词：
tough-minded/narrow-minded/lazy-minded
academically-minded/mechanically-minded
tradition-minded/business-minded/career-minded

49. inspection n. inspecting or being inspected 检查 [同]check, examination, investigation, survey

[例句]On inspection the notes proved to be forgeries.经检查发现钞票是伪造的。
[记忆法] 派生法 inspect v. 检查 inspector n. 检查员

50. assembly n.(1) Getting people together集会；会议[同]conference, meeting, congress
(2) putting things together to form a whole piece装配，组装

[例句] They held an assembly outside the White House to ask for more relief fund. 他们在白宫外集会，要求得到更多的救济金。
It takes a huge hall to finish the assembly of an airplane. 组装一架飞机需要巨大的厂房。

[典型考题]The new ___ line is used in this factory. [A]
A. assembly B. assess C. resemble D. productive

[试题解析]assembly line 装配线； assess估定的价值，确定的金额；resemble相似，像；productive 多产的，富饶的

［记忆法］派生法assemble v. 集合,装配 assembly line n. 装配线

51. hold up: delay. 延迟，耽搁；阻碍

[例句]Work on the building site has been held up by the bad weather. 建筑工地的施工已经被恶劣的天气耽搁了下来。
The steel strike may hold up the production of cars for several months. 钢铁工人罢工可能会使汽车生产停滞好几个月。

52. shift n. group of workmen who start work as another group finishes班，轮班
v. (1)搬动，移动 [同]move, transfer
(2)改变 [同]change, transform, alternate, alter

[例句] He is on the day/night shift 他上白/夜班。
Help me to shift the sofa away from the fire.帮我把沙发搬到离火远点的地方。
Learn to shift gear at the right moment. 要学会掌握在什么时候换挡。

[辨析] shift, transfer, alternate和 alter：
shift"改变"位置、方向；
The wind shifted from east to north. 风由东转向北。
transform 彻底"改变"外形、特征等；
She was very shy but a year abroad has completely transformed her. 她过去十分腼腆，但在国外呆了一年后完全变了。
alternate(两者)"交替变换"；
The weather alternated between rain and sunrise. 时而下雨，时而放晴。
alter"使发生变化，改正"或"改做（衣服）"等。
She has to alter her clothes after losing weight.她瘦了以后，衣服也不得不修改了。

53. daydream v. pleasant dreamlike set of thoughts while one is awake 做白日梦，空想

[例句]：It's a daydream for her to finish her work in one hour. 要想一个小时完成工作， 对她而言是不可能的。

54.fire n. the condition of burning 火，火灾
vt. dismiss from a job 解雇 [同]dismiss.
vi. (1)to shoot off bullets 开枪，开火 [同]shoot
(2)烧火，着火

[例句]：Man's discovery of fire is great. 人类对火的发现真了不起。
His boss fired him.他的老板解雇了他。
The engine will not fire. 发动机发动不起来。

［记忆法］合成词：firemen 消防队员 firework 烟花爆竹 fire extinguisher 灭火器

[考点]习惯用法：
fire at sb. 朝某人开火
fire sb. 解雇某人
make a fire 生火
play with the fire 玩火
catch fire 着火（动作）
set fire to 放火烧，点燃

[典型考题]The pile of papers couldn't catch ___ by itself. [C]
A. burning B. flames C. fire D. heat

[试题解析]burning 燃烧（状态）；flame 火苗；heat热；这三个词都不与catch搭配表示"着火"的意思。

55. observation n. observing or being observed (1)观察，观测 [同] notice

[例句]：The star escaped observation. 这位明星避开了人们的注意。

［记忆法］ 派生法：observe vt. 观察，注意，observer n. 观察员，观测者

56.oral adj. of the mouth, using the spoken 口的，口（头）的 [同] spoken, vocal

[例句]：His oral English is pretty good.他的英语口语很好。

［记忆法］归类记忆：aural听觉的，耳朵的， nasal 鼻子的, 鼻腔的，ocular眼的, labial唇的

57．finding n.(1) what has been learnt as the result of inquiry 调查（或研究）的结果（通常用复数）
(2) discovery 发现

[例句]：The findings of their study is surprising.他们的研究结果令人吃惊。
Beauty in daily life needs finding. 生活中的美需要发现 。
58. cover v. (1) report on 采访，报道
（2） include 包含；由……组成；涉及到
（3）travel 旅行，走（多远）

[例句]： The newspaper sent its best reporters to cover the satellite launching. 报社派出了最好的记者去报道这次卫星发射。
The visiting scholar's lecture covered the history of both Chinese and Greek philosophy. 访问学者的讲座讲到了中国和希腊的哲学史。
We covered more than 200 miles by bike last Sunday 上周星期日我们骑自行车走了两百多英里。

［记忆法］构词法 coverage n. 报道

[例句]：You can find the latest coverage about President Clinton's sexual scandal from CNN website. 你可以在CNN (Cable News Network 美国有线新闻网) 网站找到有克林顿性丑闻的最新报道。

59．major adj. greater or more important; specialize in a certain subject 较大的；主要的 [同]chief, primary, important
n. 主修课程；专修……的学生，少校
vi. 主修，专攻

[例句]：He had a major operation.他做了个大手术。
His major is English. 他的专业是英语。
He majors in Math. 他主修数学。

[考点] 习惯用法　major in 主修，专攻
I major in philosophy 我主修哲学。

[典型考题]He was ___ in French. [A]
A. majoring B. studying
C. majority D. learning

[试题解析]题意：study学习（其后直接跟宾语）；majority（大）多数（是名词）；learn学会；（其后跟不定式可直接跟宾语）

60．redesign vt. make designs again 重新设计

[例句]：His boss was not satisfied with his design. He had to redesign it. 他的老板对他的设计不满意。 他只好重新设计。

［记忆法］派生法：re+design. 前缀re表示"重新，再，又"。类似的词如：review, reopen, recover, recount.

61．design vt. drawing or outline from which sth. may be made (1) 设计 [同] lay out, arrange (2) 计划，谋划 [同]plan, plot
n. (1)设计，构思 [同] plan, scheme
(2) 图案，图样 [同] pattern

[例句]：Can you design a studio for us? 你能为我们设计一个工作室吗？（vt.）
The design of the new car is marvelous. 这辆新车的设计太漂亮了！ （n.）

[考点]design to do (或 doing) sth. 打算做某事

[典型考题]This room was ___ for the children. [C]
A. projected B. schemed
C. designed D. described

[试题解析]题意：这间房是给孩子们设计的。design设计；project大规模的，需要资金或若干人的努力实现的计划、方案；scheme指阴谋诡计或图谋私利的各种不切实际的幻想打算；describe 描述，形容

62．achieve vt. complete; accomplish; get sth. done 得到，实现 [同] perform, accomplish, attain

[例句]：If you daydream like this all day, you will achieve nothing. 你要是老这样做白日梦的话，你将一事无成。

[考点]派生词：achievement n. 成绩；得到

[典型考题]He went back home without having ___ any success. [B]
A. completed B. achieved
C. finished D. accomplished

[试题解析]complete 指使某事物完成，完善；achieve指完成伟大的事业；finish强调事物的终结；accomplish 指成功的完成预期的士任务，计划等，一般不接具体的事物。

63．decrease vt. become shorter, smaller, less 减少，降低 [同] reduce, decline, diminish
n. 减少 [同] reduction [反] increase

[考点]习惯用法：decrease to 减少到, decrease by 减少了

[例句]：Student numbers have decreased to 500. 学生人数减少到500 名。
Student numbers have decreased by 500. 学生人数减少了500 名。

[典型考题]The workmen want to ___ the number of working hours and to increase pay. [B]
A. diminish B. decrease
C. depress D. delete

[试题解析]题意：工人要求减少工作时间，增加工资。decrease 多指数量上的减少，与increase相对应；increase 指增加，decrease 指减少；diminish 多指因不断消耗，使数量渐渐减少；depress压抑，降低，不说降低工作时间；delete划掉，删掉

64．operator n. person who operates or works sth. 操作人员，（电话）总机，话务员；（外科）手术师

[例句]：Operator, please connect me with number 89567788.接线生， 请帮我接通89567788。

65．operate vt. work; be in action 操作，操纵 [同] run, handle, manage
vi. (1)活动，运行
（2）动手术

[例句]：Operate the new machine carefully. 操作这台新机器要仔细。

[记忆法] 派生法： operation n. 手术,操作 operator n. 话务员；手术师

[考点]习惯用法：operate on 给……动手术
come/go into operation 生效，实行
bring/put…into operation 实施，使……生效

66．management n. (1)all those who control a business, enterprise 资方，管理（部门） [同] administration, bosses, executives
(2) control and organization 经营，管理，处理

[记忆法] 派生法 manage v. 经营，管理 manager n. 经营者，管理者，

[辨析] manage to do和try to do:
manage to do 表示"已设法取得了成功"；
try to do 表示"努力去做"，并无是否成功的意义。
He managed to solve the problem. (问题已解决)
He tried to solve the problem. (尽力去解决问题)

[典型考题]The company's failure was mainly due to its bad ___ . [B]
A. run B. management
C. deal D. handle

[试题解析]题意：该公司失败主要是由于经营不善。A、C、D作名词均无管理之意。作动词时，run经营，跑；deal应付，对待；handle处理

67．background n. that part of a view, scene that serves as a setting for the chief objects, persons, etc. 背景，经历 [同experience, history, setting

[例句]：Do you like the background music? 你喜欢这种背景音乐吗？
What's his background? 他是什么样的背景？

68．beautify vt. make beautiful 美化，装饰 [同] decorate, ornament

[例句]：People tend to beautify their environment now. 人们现在喜欢美化环境。
[记忆法] 派生法： beauty n.美，美的东西，美人

69．setting n. (1) surroundings; environment 环境 [同] surroundings, background
(2) place and time at which an event occurs （故事）发生地 [同] scene, spot

[例句]：The castle stands in a beautiful setting surrounded by hills. 城堡四周环山，风景如画。
The setting of the story is a hotel. 故事发生在一家旅馆里。

70．productive adj. able to produce 多产的，富有成效的，生产性的 [同] fertile, effective, fruitful, plentiful, profitable

[例句]：He is a productive writer.他是个多产作家。

[记忆法] 派生词： produce v. 生产 n. 农产品 production n. 生产 product n. 产品 productivity n. 生产力

71. result in: have as a result; cause 结果是，导致

[例句]：The accident resulted in three deaths. 这起事故导致三人死亡。
He felt that the extreme misery of the working people would result in revolution. 他感觉工人极端恶劣的条件将会导致革命。
比较：result from 起因于，由……所导致
Professor smith's lung cancer resulted from excessive smoking. 史密斯教授的肺癌是由过度吸烟所致。

72.frequent adj. often happening 频繁的 [同] common, habitual
vt. often go to 常到，常去，时常出入于……

[例句]：His frequent change of his address puzzles everyone. 他经常变换住址让大家感到困惑。
He frequents the library 他经常去图书馆。

[考点]注意该词作为动词的用法。

73.promotion n. promoting or being promoted 提升，提拔，促进，（商品等）宣传，推销，促销 [同] advancement, elevation, upgrading, advertisement

[例句]：If you work at such a slow pace, you will never be considered for promotion. 如果你的工作节奏老是这么慢， 你永远也别想得到提升。

[记忆法] 派生法：promote vt. 提升，提拔，促进 promoter n. 促销员

74. promote vt. give sb. a higher position or rank 提升，提拔，促进（商品等）宣传，促销 [同] further, push, elevate, upgrade, advertise

[例句]：She worked hard so she was soon promoted. 她工作得很努力，因此很快得到提升。
The star came to Chengdu to promote her new album. 这位明星来到成都为她的新专集做宣传。

[典型考题]The company ___ the rock group's new record by playing it often on the radio. [B]
A. promised B. promoted
C. progressed D. proceeded

[试题解析]题意：公司在电台反复播放摇滚乐队新唱片以进行促销。promote促进，促销；progress进步; proceed前进; promise许诺

75．incentive n. that which incites, rouses or encourages a person 刺激，奖励 [同] encouragement, enticement, impetus, stimulus

[例句]：They offered cash as an incentive. 他们用现金作为奖品。
They don't try hard because there is no incentive. 他们不卖力，因为没有奖励。

76. talk over: discuss 商量，讨论

[例句]：I would like to talk over this problem with you. 我想和你讨论讨论这个问题。
Leaders of the two countries have talked the situation over. 两国领导人已就这个局势进行了磋商。

77．co-owner n. person who together own sth. with other person 共同所有者

[例句]：He is the co-owner of the shop with me. 他和我合资开的这家店。
[记忆法]前缀co的意思是"共同"，如 cooperation 合作， co-action共同行动等。

78. keep up with: go or move as fast as; catch up with. 跟上

[例句]：They could not keep up with us when we climbed the mountain. 爬山时，他们跟不上我们。

[辨析]keep up with 和 catch up with:
keep up with 跟得上， 不落后
She had to run to keep up with him. 她必须跑才能跟得上他。
catch up with 赶上，追上
We must spare no time to catch up with the advanced countries. 我们必须尽快赶上发达国家。

79．compliment n. expression of admiration, approval 贺词，问候，赞美之词

[例句]：Everybody likes compliments. 人人都爱听好听的话。

[考点]注意区别这两个词：complement n. 补充，补足，（语法）补足语 compliment n. 赞美之词