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(二)句型结构
1.Sam set out to improve efficiency at the shirt factory, but, as we find
out later in this unit, his plans turned out not quite as he had expected.
萨姆着手提高衬衫厂的生产效率,但是,我们将在本单元稍后发现,他的计划结果跟他预料的并不完全一样。
(1) set out 在本句中是"开始(做某事),着手,准备(做某事)"的意思。
[例句]:He set out to write a history of civilization. 他着手写一部文明史。
[辨析] Set about 与 set out 意思一样,但是 set about 后接名词或动名词。
[例句]:After breakfast, mother set about her household duties. 早饭后,母亲着手做她的家务了(后接名词)。
Andrew set about writing his report. 安德鲁开始写他的报道(后接动名词)。
(2)as he had expected 相当于 just as he had expected, 为方式状语从句。
2.If you ask my mother how I happened
to become an industrial engineer, she'll tell you that I have always been
one.
如果你问我母亲我怎么偏偏就成了一位工业工程师的,她会告诉你我一直就是。
happen to 的意思是"碰巧,偏偏"
[例句]:How did you happen to be on the spot? 你怎么偏偏就在现场呢? 3.…I was the efficiency
expert for the whole family.
我是全家的效率专家。
efficiency expert 系专门术语,在本课中,作者用这个短语幽默地说明他小时候把家里的事安排得有条不紊。这个短语是由"名词+名词"构成的。前一个名词修饰后一个名词。
本课类似的短语还有 work flow (生产流程),quality control inspection (质量控制检查),assembly
line(装配线)和 machine operator (机器操作者)。
4.You'll see what I mean when I tell you
about the first project I ever did after I finished my bachelor's degree
at the university.
等我把我在大学获得学士学位后承办第一项工程的情况告诉你以后,你就会明白我的意思了。
此句中共有四个从句,其中when 引导宾语从句, when 引导时间状语从句,它本身又含有一个定语从句(I ever did )和一个状语从句(after
I finished my bachelor's degree at the university)。
5.Mr. Hobbs, a friend of my father's,
owned a small shirt factory in town.
我父亲的一位朋友,霍布斯先生在镇上有一个衬衫厂。
a friend of my father's=one of my father's friends (我父亲的一位朋友)。这里of+名词所有格(s)表示部分概念,又称双重所有格或双重属格。名词前面通常有a,any
no, few, several 等词。但定冠词the 和数词 one 不能出现在这种形式的名词前。另外,名词前面可用一个指示代词,再接"of+物主代词",表示赞赏或厌恶等情绪。如:the
brilliant speech of the president's 总统(校长)华丽的演讲。the dirty trick of his
他肮脏的诡计
6.……, so he asked me to come in on a short-term
basis as a consultant.
所以他便让我到他的厂时作一名短期顾问。
come in: 起作用,承担(某任务)
[例句]:Well, I understand your plan perfectly, but I don't see where I come
in.
对你的计划我非常清楚,我只是不太明白我的责任是什么。
7.Most curious of all, there was no quality
control whatsoever.
最让人感到奇怪的是,厂里根本没有质量管理。
most curious of all 是独立成分,称为插入语,相当于what is most curious of all。插入语句包括独立不定式,独立分词,由to
引导的短语以及诸如 frankly, on the whole, honestly, what is worse, worst of all,
most important of all 等副词或短语。插入语的功能在于表达句子中间的某种递进、顺序、承接关系,作者对某一问题的解释、总结,或者作者对某一问题的看法、态度。
[例句]:To tell the truth, I don't like her. 说实话,我不喜欢她。
Strictly speaking, he is not qualified. 严格地说,他没有资格。
其他还有:so to speak, to be frank with you, needless to say, judging from
等。
8.The tables where the workers sat were
high and uncomfortable.
工作台很高,工人坐着很不舒服。
句中where the workers sat 是定语从句,修饰名词 tables, where 相当于 at which。be(或 sit)at
table 意为"用餐",be(或sit )at the table 意为"坐在工作台旁,在工作"。再比如:lay
the table 摆好餐具,keep a good table 餐食丰盛,keep an open table 广纳食客
9.Workers beyond him in line on his shift
had to wait with nothing to do.
装配线上在他后面的工人只好等在那儿无事可干。
句中with nothing to do 是 with引导的独立结构,作状语。这种结构通常由三部分构成。第一部分是with,第二部分是名词或代词,第三部分是动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词短语、介词短语等。
[例句]:With the experiment carried out, we started new investigations. 完成了这些实验,我们开始了新的调研。
He stood here, with nothing to say. 他站在这儿什么也没有说。
10.I used to organize my father's tools,
…
我过去常常为父亲拾掇工具,…
used to do 表示过去的某种习惯动作或状态。
[例句]:We used to see films in Beida 我们过去常去北大看电影。
这个短语的否定式和疑问式有两种形式。
(1)借助助词did。
[例句]:Did you use (d) to see films in Beida? 你们过去常去北大看电影吗?
We didn't use (d) to see films in Beida. 我们过去不常去北大看电影。
You used to see films in Beida, didn't you? 你们过去常去北大看电影,是吗?
(2)不用助词did
[例句]:Used you to see films in Beida? 你们过去常去北大看电影吗?
We usedn't to see films in Beida. 我们过去不常去北大看电影。
You used to see films in Beida, Use (d)n't you? 你们过去常去北大看电影,是吗?
[辨析]:be (get )used to 和 used to do :
be (get/become) used to doing 是"习惯于"的意思。to在这里是介词,后跟名词或动名词。
[例句]:The foreign students have got used to Chinese food, 这些外国留学生已经习惯于吃中国食品了。
I am used to going to work by bus. 我习惯于乘公共汽车去上班。
used to do 是"过去常常"的意思。 to 在这里是不定式符号,后跟动词原型。
I used to have a walk after dinner. 过去我常常在晚饭后散步。
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