2. universe n. all existing things, including the earth and its creatures and all the stars, planets, etc. in space 宇宙，万物 [同]cosmos

［例句］In Middle Ages, people believed the earth to be the center of the universe. 中世纪时候，人们认为地球是整个宇宙的中心。

[记忆法]前缀uni表示"统一"，"整体"，词根"verse"跟"vert"一样，表示"转"，因此universt之本意是"绕转而成的整体"。Universal[ ]是universe派生的形容词，意思是"宇宙的，全世界的"；"通用的，万能的，普通的"。

3.complex adj.(1)difficult to understand or explain because there are many different parts错综复杂的，难懂的 [同]complicated, intricate, tangled (2)made up of closely connected parts复合的 [同]compound
n. abnormal mental state resulting from past experience or suppressed desire(心理学)情结 如:superiority complex优越感，inferiority complex自卑感

［例句］A beginner in English should avoid complex sentences in writing. 英语初学者在写作时应避免写复杂的句子。
Many British people are interested in solving complex crossword puzzles. 有很多英国人对解复杂的字谜游戏感兴趣。
Many new building complexes have sprung up in recent years. 最近几年很多新裙楼拨地而起。

[记忆法]和complexity [ ](n.复杂性、复杂的事物)一起记。plex=fold,重叠，重，comp意为多，complex意为多重，复杂。

[典型考题]What he said was too for me to understand. [A]
A. complex B. completive
C. compliant D. complementary

[试题解析]题意：他说的太复杂，我不理解。Complex复杂的，错综的，难懂的；completive起完全作用的，完成的；compliant依从的，遵守的，屈从的；complementary补充的，相配的，互为补充的

4.ancient adj. belonging to times long past古代的；古老的 [同]aged, old.

［例句］Powder was invented by ancient Chinese people.火药是由古代的中国人发明的。

[考点]old指人时相对young而言,指物时相对new而言,ancient用于非常古老的东西,古代历史时期及古代文明.

5.philosopher n. people who search for knowledge and understanding of the nature and meaning of the universe and of human life 哲学家

［例句］Aristotle was a great philosopher. 亚里斯多德是一位了不起的哲学家。

[记忆法]前缀pill是"爱"的意思，词根soph是"聪明，智慧"之意，所以philosopher当是"爱智慧者"。

6.philosophy n. knowledge and understanding of the nature and meaning of the universe and of human life 哲学
［例句］Learning philosophy can cultivate your capability of logic thought. 学哲学可以培养你逻辑思维能力。

7.involve vt. have sth. as a necessary consequence成为必要条件或结果，需要

［例句］The scheme involves computers.这一设计离不开电脑。

[记忆法]词根volve之含义是"滚，转，卷"，因此involve具有"卷入，牵涉"之意。

[考点]（1）习惯用法
be/get involved in 被卷入……
We are all involved in it, whether we like it or not. 不管我们喜欢不喜欢，我们都卷入到这件事中。
be/get involved with sb. 与……有密切关系
We don't want to get involved with him. 我们不大想与他的关系太密切。
（2）involved作定语前置或后置时意义不同：
the people involved 所涉及的人
the involved story 复杂的经历

8.working n. functioning or able to function 运转，运行；活动能力（常用复数）
[同]operation, action

［例句］The workings of human mind is a mystery. 人类大脑的活动方式现在还是个迷。

[记忆法] 构词法：一些以-ing 结尾的名词在用了复数形式后有了特定的含义。如：
findings 发现；writings著作； earnings收入； teachings 教导

9.ability n. capacity or power to do sth. physical or mental 能力，才能 [同]capability, capacity, competence, talent

［例句］We found him work more suited to his abilities. 我们给他找到了更适合他的能力的工作。

[记忆法]它是able的名词形式

[考点](1)able后跟to加动词原形，ability亦然。Capable后跟of加名词或动名词，capability亦然。
（2）可在able前加un构成unable表示"不能够的"，但是没有unability, 却有inability(n. 不能够)，capable之前亦可冠前缀in（而不是un）表示"没有能力的"，capability前面也可加in（而不是un）构成其反义词。

[典型考题]（1）She has got a remarkable ability things done. [C]
A. get B. got C. to get D. of getting
（2）I did the work to the best of my . [B]
A. capacity B. ability C. abilities D. the ability

[试题解析]（1）说某人具有某种能力时，ability后用不定式。（2）做某人的"整体能力"解时，ability是不可数名词；意为"某种能力"时，ability为可数名词。

10.exactly adv. Quite; just 确切地，精确地 [同] accurately, correctly, definitely, precisely

[记忆法]分割记法：ex+act+ly

［例句］That is exactly what I want.那正是我所想得到的。

11.exact adj. correct in detail确切的，精确的 [同]accurate, correct, definite, precise

［例句］A good report contains exact figures. 一份优秀的报告包含准确的数字。

[典型考题]It's about 2 o'clock-3 minutes and 35 seconds past, to be . [D]
A. correct B. exam C. carefulness D. exact

[试题解析] correct 正确（性），exam测试，carefulness仔细，这三个都是名词，没有to be …的搭配

12.amount n. total sum or value数量，数额，总数 [同]quantity, quota, sum, total, whole, number, volume
vt. 总计（to） [同]number, total, add up (to)

［例句］There are a great amount of misunderstanding between generations. 不同年代的人之间有很多的误解。
The amount of his debts runs up to 16,000 pounds.他负债总数加起来有16000英镑。
His debts amount to 8000 dollars. 他的债务共达8000美元。

[考点]习惯用法：amount to 总计；共达;等于
Their property amounts to 1000000 dollars. 他们的财产共计一百万美元。

[辨析]：number, total和amount:
number 与total是及物动词，amount是不及物动词，其后接to再跟宾语。
如：The students number (或total)40=The students amount to 40。学生总人数为40。

13.complicated adj. difficult to understand or explain because there are many different parts 难懂的；复杂的 [同]complex, intricate, tangled, involved

［例句］Computer users needn't understand the complicated process taking place behind the screen.
电脑用户不必去了解屏幕后面发生的复杂过程。
The situation is too complicated for me to explain in a few words. 形势太复杂，我没法用一两句话来解释。

[典型考题]The question was a one. [B]
A. owing B. complicated C. powder D. grand

[试题解析]题意：这个复杂的问题。complicated复杂的，麻烦的； owing 欠着的，应付的； powder 药粉，粉末； grand 宏大，重大，伟大

14.chemical adj. of or relating to chemistry化学的

［例句］Chemical weapons are now banned. 现在化学武器是被禁止的。
He majors in chemical engineering. 他学的专业是化学工程。

15.unable adj. not having the ability to do sth. 不能的，不能够的 [同]incapable, impotent, incompetent,. Powerless

［例句］He is unable to finish the work by himself. 他一个人没法完成那项工作。
[记忆法]able的反义词，注意没有unability，却有inability。