２. capsule n. small soluble case containing a dose of medicine 胶囊

［记忆法］派生法：capsular　adj. 胶囊的　capsulate adj. 胶囊包装的　capsulize　vt.把……装入胶囊内

［典型考题］All the finished products are stored in a ____of the delivery port and shipping is available at any time. [D]
A. garage B. cabinet C. capsule D. warehouse

［试题解析］译文：所有的成品都放在发货港的仓库，因此可以在任何时候装船。　 garage车库，修车厂；cabinet橱，柜；capsule 胶囊； warehouse仓库，货仓　

３. instruct vt. give orders or directions to somebody ①.指示，指导 ［同］direct (2) inform 通知

[例句]She instructed me in the use of the telephone. 她教我使用电话。
He was instructed to sail for New York.他奉命前往纽约。

［记忆法］派生法：instruction n.指示；用法说明 construct v.构造，建筑。construction n.建筑物 structure n.结构

[考点]习惯用法：instruct sb.(about sth.) 命令，指导某人做某事
instruct sb. about his duties 向某人说明他的职责。
instruct sb. to do sth. 命令，指导某人做某事
I've instructed them to keep the room clean.我已经命令他们保持房间干净。
instruct sb.(in sth.) 教授某人学习……
instruct a class in history 教授一班级历史

[典型例题]The sergeant was____the soldiers in how to do the drill. [D]
A. constructing B. destruction C. conducting D. instructing

[试题解析] 译文：这位军士在指导士兵们操练。construct 建造；destruction 破坏（名词）；conduct 引导,传导

4. instruction n, statements telling somebody what he should or must do （用复数）用法说明，指示

[例句]：Read the instructions on the pocket. 看一下袋子上的说明。
The doctor's instructions must be fulfilled exactly.医生的指示必须严格遵行。
The boss gave me so many instructions at one time that I got muddled up.　老板一下子给了我那么多指示,把我弄得糊里糊涂。"

[考点] 1）习惯用法 ： 做"说明，指示"讲时，常用复数形式。
You should read the instructions in the car repair manual carefully before you start your work on it. 在动手之前你应该认真看一下汽车修理手册上的说明。
2）习惯搭配：instructions to do sth.
give sb. instructions to arrive early 命令某人早到达

5. bring down:
1) cause to fall 使落下

[例句]In the battle, five enemy fighters had been brought down. 在这场战斗中,五架敌战斗机被歼落了。
The people rose up and brought down the tyrant. 人民奋起打倒了暴君。
The pilot brought the plane down gently. 驾驶员平稳地将飞机降了下来。
He brought down several wild ducks on his last hunting trip.他上次打猎击落了好几只野鸭。

2) lower or reduce sth. 降低,减少; 同 lessen, reduce等。

[例句]The new government aimed at bringing down the inflation. 新政府力争降低通货膨胀。
The prices medicines should be brought down. 药价应该降下来。
It will take more than speeches to bring down prices these days. 目前需要拿出实际行动来降低物价而不只是说说而已.
Measures are taken to bring down his temperature. 为给他退烧采取了各种方法.

3) 表示"使泄气,使沮丧,使情绪低落"[同]depress, discourage

[例句]His failure in this experiment did not bring him down. 这次试验的失败并没有使他沮丧。

6. purgative adj. 通便的，催泻的
n.medicine that cause the bowels to empty; strong laxative 泻药

[例句]：The oil has a purgative effect. 这种油有催泻的作用。
He was given a purgative before the operation. 他在手术前用了通便药。　

[记忆法］派生法：purge　v，净化，清除，洁净　　　purgee n. 被清除者　purger　n.清除（别人）者　　purgatory　　n.炼狱

7. acid adj. having a bitter sharp taste; sour 酸的；酸性物质过多的　n. 酸

[例句] A lemon is an acid fruit. 柠檬是一种酸的水果。
Vinegar contains acetic acid. 醋中含有醋酸。

［记忆法］派生法 ：acidity n,酸味，酸度，酸性　　acidproof adj.耐酸的

8. germ n. micro-organism that can cause disease 病菌，细菌

[例句] Is this milk free from germs?　这牛奶没有病菌吗?

［考点］germ做名词时，还有"萌芽，起源"的意思。例：be　in　germ　处于萌芽状态，处在不发达阶段。

9. influenza n. infectious virus disease causing fever, muscular pain 流行性感冒

[例句]　Influenza is severe in this season. 这个季节流行性感冒很严重。

［记忆法］派生法：许多表示疾病的词都是以a或ia结尾的，如：pneumonia[pneum-(肺)]n. 肺炎　　anemia n.贫血症　这些词多数来自拉丁语

10. epidemic adj　流行性的　n. disease spreading quickly among many people in the same place for a time 流行病

[例句]　Violence is reaching epidemic levels. 暴力达到了流行的程度。
Violence is reaching epidemic levels in some of the films and TV plays. (喻)
在一些电影和电视剧中暴力已经快到泛滥程度了。
Efforts should be made to prevent from epidemic. 应花力气防止流行病。

［记忆法］派生法：epidemiology 流行病学 ； epidemiologist　　n.流行病学家
　
11. pneumonia n.serious illness with inflammation of one or both lungs ,causing diffi-culty in breathing 肺炎

［记忆法］派生法 ： pneum-表示"肺"， pneumonic　adj.肺的，肺炎的，患肺炎的　

12. detach vt. unfasten something from something ;disconnect something 拆开，分离；分遣［同］separate

[例句]　 He detached a check from the checkbook. 他从支票簿上撕下一张支票。
Men were detached to defend the pass.已经派遣了人员去防守关隘。

[记忆法] 派生法：detachment n.公开，分离，分遣，超然，不偏不倚。Detached adj分离的，独立的，超然的，公正的；分遣的，派遣的　
联想记忆：attach v .系，附，归属 attachment n.连接物，附属品；依恋

[考点] 习惯用法：detach from 分离
detach a gear from a machine从机器上拆下齿轮
A number of men were detached to defend the city .许多人被分配出去保卫这座城市。

13. detached adj. 1) not feeling emotional or involved 超然的，公正的，漠不关心[同]impartial, in-different；2)（指房子）独立于其他的退出的；分离出的：

[例句]　 He bought a house with a detached garage.他买了一个独立车库的房子。
I can't see what's wrong with him, He is simply detached from anything around him. 我不明白他怎么了，他就是对身边的一切都漠不关心。

[考点] 习惯用法 ：be detached from:
(1) show no interest in, be indifferent to 对……漠不关心,
He was so selfish that he was even detached from his own sister's difficulty. 他非常自私，对他亲妹妹的困难都漠不关心。
(2) be separated from 与……分离，
To offend neither, he was detached from any judgment .为了不触怒任何一方,他会避免做任何判断。

[典型例题]Each workday, the workers followed the same schedules and rarely _____from this routine. [D]
A. disconnected B. detached C. distorted D. deviated

[试题解析] 译文：每个工作日，工人们都遵循同样的作息表，很少偏离常规。
A. disconnected （from）使分开，拆开；B. detached （from）使分离，拆开.C. distorted 歪曲；扭曲；D. deviated（from）偏离；离（常规，正道等）显然D项符合题意，是正确答案。

14. pirate n. person on a ship who attacks and robs other ships at sea 海盗，v. 非法窃用或复制。

[例句]They were robbed by pirates at sea.他们在海上遭到海盗的抢劫。
Using pirated software is violation of law.使用盗版软件是违法的。

[记忆法] 派生法 ：piracy n.海盗行为；侵犯版权，非法盗印 piratical adj. 海盗的，像海盗的，非法翻印的

15. would rather :would prefer to, would prefer that 宁愿

①would rather 后可眼宾语从句,该从句须用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。
[例句]I would rather he did not go to Shanghai by air. 我倒愿意让他不要乘飞机去上海。 She would rather you didn't tell him the truth about her illness. 她宁愿你不要告诉他她的病情真相。
②would rather……than……，.rather与than后都应跟不带to的动词不定式。
[例句]I would rather join you in research work than go on holiday to the seaside. 我宁愿和你们一起参加科研工作, 而不愿意去海滨度假。I would rather leave than stay at home. 我宁肯离开而不愿留在家里。