Unit one
How To Improve Your Study Habits
 
词汇短语 1 - 2 - 3
  
（三）语法重点

1. flush, light, scatter, relax 等动词的不及物用法。

以上动词均可做及物和不及物动词。作不及物动词用,通常采取"主语+谓语"形式,有时也眼有补语, 用法非常简练明了。
1). flush vi.①(of a person, his/her face)to become red:
The girl flushed (up) when the man spoke to her.当那男人对她说话时,这个女孩子的脸红了。
②(of birds)to rise suddenly and fly away:
The birds flushed and some lit in the nearby bushes.鸟惊得飞了起来,有些落在附近的灌木丛中。
2).light vi. ①(of a person's face or expression)to become bright
His face lit up with pleasure.他的脸上焕发着喜色。
②to come upon by chance
He lit upon a rare book in a secondhand bookshop.他在一个旧书店里偶然发现一本珍贵的书。
③to land(of binds or Other flying objects)
The plane lit safely in the airport.飞机安全地在机场着陆了。
3).scatter vi. to go/be in different directions
The crowd scattered under the pressure of the police.人群在警察的压力下散去了。
Quite a number of small villages scattered on the plain.相当数目的小村庄散布在平原上。
4).relax vi. To become less tense, rigid, energetic, strict
His face relaxed in a smile-他的表情在一笑之中变轻松了。
The law relaxed and people began not to fear its punishment.法制松弛下来,人们开始不怕法律的惩罚了。
[注]因为以上四词还可作及物动词,因此它的形容词既有-ing 形式的现在分词,也有-ed 形式的过去分词。注意区分理解这种不同。

2. 现在分词短语和过去分词短语表伴随状态,要求分词的逻辑主语也是句子的主语.

例:He stood by the door, frightened and wishing he was not there.他站在门边,吓坏了,希望他要是不在那儿就好了。
这句话结合了过去分词短语和现在分词短语两种形式,其中frightened表示他被吓着了,他很害怕,有被动的成分,而wishing……则是主观的一种愿望,是主动的。当然也可把句子改为:
He stood by the door. He was frightened. He wished he was not there.
从语法和句意上并无甚不妥,但这样一来,意思紧凑,富有戏剧性的一个场面被弄成支离破碎的不太相干的三部分,显然表达得不如第一个句子生动。