（一） 重点词汇和短语：
1． humorous adj. 幽默的、有幽默感的
［例句］This is a humorous poem about the life story of a farmer. 这是一首关于一个农夫生平的打油诗。
[记忆法] 派生法: humor n 幽默(感)，诙谐 humorousless adj. 缺乏幽默感的，一本正经的。humorously adv.
幽默地
[考 点]习惯用法：
in a good (bad) humor 情绪好(不好)
He is in a very bad humor recently. 他最近情绪很不好。
out of humor 情绪不佳
He is out of humor for anything now. 他现在对任何事都没有兴致。
2. essay n: piece of writing, usually short
and in prose, on any one subject 文章；（尤其）指短文，小品文，散文
[例句]：We had to write three essays in the history exam. 我们考历史要写三篇短文。
[辨析] essay, composition, article, thesis 和 theme:
essay n. 散文，随笔，小品。这个词可以广泛地指篇幅短的非小说类作品。包括
学术的、幽默的、说教的或感想的；也可以指学校里布置的笔头作品。这个很常用
The irreverence of Addison's chatty essays is refreshing.爱迪生的闲谈式随笔中的不拘礼俗的风格令人耳目一新。
composition n. 作文。表示事先有计划地写作，非即兴之作，通常用来指按照规定的题写作文。
The teacher asked them to describe their winter holidays in this week's
composition. 老师让他们在这周的作文中描写他们的寒假生活。
article n. 文章，论文 指登载在报纸、杂志或期刊上的非小说文章，其范围可指从最简短的、最实用的新闻稿件到具有散文风格的一切文章，也包括最深奥的学术或科学研究论文。
I've found an article in this periodical relevant to your research subject.
我在这本期刊上找到了一篇与你的研究课题有关的论文。
thesis n. 论文，主题。通常指为了维护或建立一个原则而写的较短较简洁的论文，主要用于说理性的非小说类文章。
He is writing a thesis on the short stories of Adgar Ellan Poe. 他正在写一篇论爱德加·爱伦·坡的短篇小说的学位论文。
theme n. 主题，作文题。强调围绕题目进行材料组织，要求文章短小简洁。
At the international conference, he presented his article on the theme of
alienation in the middle-class culture. 国际会议上，他宣读了一篇主题为中产阶级文化中的异化现象的论文。
[典型考题] Learning to speak a foreign language is a (an) . [A]
A.art B.skill C.article D.artificial
[试题解析] art 指的一种技艺；skill 指人做事的本领或具有的技能等；article 文章，冠词；
artificial是形容词，表示人工的，人造的
3．manage: succeed in doing sth, esp. with an effort.
设法成功地完成某事。
［例句］：He didn't agree with me at first, but I managed to persuade him. 起初他不同意我的观点，但我想方设法说服了他。
［考点］习惯用法：manage to do sth. 常可以与be able to do sth. 换用，表示克服困难完成某事。但manage
短语往往表明要付出更大的努力。
[辨析] manage to do sth.和try to do sth.:
manage to do表示设法而且成功
He managed to fulfil the task all by himself. 他设法独立完成了任务。
try to do sth表示尽力，但不一定成功。
He tried to pass the exam but failed. 他试图通过考试但失败了。 4．as
well (as): in addition (to) 除……外，同，和，也
［例句］：He gave me money, as well as advice. 他除了给我忠告外，还给我钱。（由这个例句可以看出，as
well as 后的介词宾语是不强调的部分，而谓语动词所带的宾语才是被强调的。）
The child is lively as well as healthy. 这个孩子既健康又活泼。
He knows German as well. 他也懂德文。
5． ever since: from then till now ; continually
afterward 自从；从……以后；从那时到现在。
［例句］：He went to the States in 1981 and has lived there ever since. 他于1981年去了美国，此后一直住在那里。
We have been keeping in touch with each other by correspondence ever since
she left China. 自从她离开中国以后，我们一直靠通信来保持联系。
6．excitement n. 刺激、兴奋、骚动，刺激的事物。(为抽象名词，不可数)
[记忆法] 派生法：excite v. 刺激，使兴奋，使激动 exciting adj.令人兴奋的 excited adj. 激昂的，兴奋的
excitable adj. 易兴奋的，能被激动的 excitation n. 刺激，激发，激动
[辨析] exciting 与excited , 前者指某物或某事具有令人兴奋的能力，后者指人达到了兴奋的状态。
This is a piece of exciting news.
We are excited by this piece of news.
7． satellite n. 卫星
[例句] The moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth. 月亮是地球惟一的自然卫星。
[辨析]satellite 与planet, star, constellation :
satellite 指卫星或人造卫星
planet 指行星
There are altogether nine planets in the solar system. 太阳系共有九大行星.
star 可以泛指任何星体
Last night I saw a shooting star the first time in my life. 昨夜我生平第一次看见了流星。
constellation 指星座，注定命运或性格的星宿
My constellation is the scorpion. 我的星宿是天蝎座。
8. signal n. 信号，暗号 v. (向……)发信号 [同] flag,
gesture, motion, sign.
[例句] All vehicles must stop when the traffic signal turns red. 交通信号灯变红地所有车辆必须停止行驶。
Sailors signal SOS by flags. 船员用旗语发出紧急求救信号
[记忆法] 派生法: sign n. 符号,标记;招牌;迹象;手势 v. 签署，作手势。可和以下单词一起记：signature n. 签名，签字
significance n. 意义，含义；重要性 significant n. 重要的 signify vt. & vi. 表示，意味，重要
[考 点] 习惯用法：signal (to) sb. to do sth. 打手势(发信号)让某人做……
I signaled her to close the windows so as to shut the noise out. 我冲她打手势，让她把窗户关上，挡住噪声。
[典型考题] The traffic accident a large crowd. [D]
A. charmed B. signal C. called D. attracted
[试题解析] 译文：交通事故吸引了一大群人。attract 指某人某物有强烈的感染力或影响力,将别人的注意力吸引过来 charm 指某人某物具有极强的吸引力,以致受影响者沉醉着迷
signal打信号,暗号 call叫,招呼
9．(be) known as: generally recognized
as, named 以……闻名，通常名叫
[例句] Taihu plain is known as "the land of fish and rice".太湖平原是有名的"鱼米之乡"。
Changjiang River, also known as Yangtze River, is the longest in China.
长江，又名扬子江，是中国最长的河流。
George Washington is known as "the Father of the United States".
乔治·华盛顿被誉为"美国之父"。
10． name after: give the same name as
以……的名字命名。
[例句]The boy was named Joe after his grandfather. 这男孩随他祖父取名为乔。
The building is named after the architect who designed it. 这幢建筑以设计它的建筑师的名字命名。
11． telescope n. 望远镜
[记忆法] 词缀法：这个词是由前缀 tele- (表示"远距离")+词根 scope (视域，眼)。可以和以下单词一起记：telecommunications
n. 电信 telegram 电文,电报 telegraph 电报(通讯方式);电报机 telephone 电话 telephotograph
远距离照片,传真图片 teleprinter 电传打字机 television 电视,电视机 telex 电传,电传(内容) gramophone
留声机 microphone 扩音机,麦克风 symphony 交响乐,交响曲 phonetics 语音学
12． extreme adj. 非常的,极端的,尽头的
n. 极端之事,最大程度 [同] excessive n. 极端,尽头
[例句] The criminal was sentenced to the extreme penalty. 罪犯被处以极刑.
Love and hate are extremes of passion. 爱与恨是感情的两个极端。
[记忆法] 派生法:extremism n. 极端主义 extremist n. 极端主义者,过激分子 extremity n. 末端,终极,尽头,绝境
extremely adv. 极端地,非常地
[典型考题] The child possessed a (an) memory. [D]
A. extravagant B. extreme C. external D. extraordinary
[试题解析] 译文：这孩子有着非凡的记忆力。extraordinary 指非凡的,超出一般而显得特别,有异乎寻常之意;extravagant
浪费的,奢侈的; extreme 尽头的,极端的; external 外部的,外面的
13. as to: about, concerning"关于"，较正式用语，多用于句首，以示强调，尤其是用于引出某个论点或决定时
[例句] As to this problem, I will tackle with it later. 至于这个问题，我以后再处理它。
He is very uncertain as to how many people will come. 至于能来多少人，他完全没有把握。
Several alternatives have been presented at the meeting as to what to
do next. 至于接下来要做什么，会上提出了几种不同意见。
14． feasible 可行的 [同] workable, possible
[例句] It's not feasible to follow your proposal. 按照你的建议去做是行不通的。
[记 忆 法] 派生法:feasibility n. 可行性 feasibly adv. 可行地,可用地
15． base on/upon: use as a basis or foundation
for 以……为基础，把……基于
[例句] Jefferson's courage and idealism were based on knowledge. 杰斐阻塞的勇气和理想主义是以知识为基础的。
His certainty is based on facts.他的把握是以事实为依据的。
The movie story is based on one of Mark Twain's novels. 这部电影是根据马克思·叶温的一本小说改编的。
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