Unit one
How To Improve Your Study Habits
 
词汇短语 1 - 2 - 3
 
 

16. for one thing… ,(for another): in the first place. … (in the second place 一方面……,另一方面……


[例句] I can't go with you. For one thing, I haven't got much money with me , and for another, I have too much work to do. 我不能跟你去一方面我身上没带多少钱,另一方面,我有太多的事要做。
She left him. For one thing, he is a heavy drinker; for another, he likes gambling. 她离开了他,一则因为他酗酒,再则他喜欢赌博。
I want to buy the washing machine. For one thing, it is not very expensive; for another, its large capacity is desirable. 我要买这台洗衣机,一则它不是很贵,二则它的大容量很合我的心意。

17. be composed of: have as members or parts 由……组成。

[例句] The word "dictionary" is composed of ten letters. "dictionary"这个单词是由十个字母组成的。
The committee is composed of representatives from all the departments of the university. 委员会是由来自大学各个系的代表组成的。

[典型考题] Water is of hydrogen and Oxygen. [A]
A. composed B. consisted C. made D. complicated

[试题解析]表示"由……组成"时,有两个短语:be composed of (被动语态)和consist of (主动语态)。

18. saucer n. 茶托,浅碟

[例句]  Where is my cup and saucer? 我的茶杯和茶托在哪儿?

[记 忆 法] 联想记忆:sauce n. 酱汁,调味品 saucepan n. 深金属锅 flying saucer n. 飞碟


19. conference n. ①讨论,会谈 [同]meeting, talk ② (正式) 会议,协商会 ③ (运动,宗教团体,学校等的)联合会

[例句] The more international conferences a scholar attends, the better known he is. 一个学者出席国际会议越多,他的知名度就会越大。

[记 忆 法] 派生法: 可与下列单词一起记:confer vt. 授予 (称号,学位等) vi. 交换意见,协商 conferee n. 参加商谈者,参加会议者;被授予称号人 conferer n. 授予人

[典型考题] They will hold a regarding some European economic problems. [B]
A. conversion B. conference C. reference D. cooperation

[试题解析] 译文:他们将开会讨论关于欧洲经济问题。 conference 会议,讨论会;conversion 变换,转化;reference 参考,查阅;cooperation 合作,协作

20. technology n. 工业技术,应用科学;技术,工艺。

[例句] The technology of computers can apply to almost all industries. 电脑技术可用几乎所有的产业。

[记 忆 法] 派生法: 这个词是由词根techn-(表示技术,工艺)加上-ology (表示"……学","……论")名词后缀组成。可与下列单词一起记:technical n. 技术性的,技术上的,规则上的 technicality n. 技术问题 technician n. 技术人员,技术专家 technological n. 工业技术的,应用科学的 technologist n. 工业技术人员,应用科学家

[辨 析] technology , technique, technician 和technologist:
technology 意指"技术、工艺"在学术理论上的总称,属抽象名词。
technique指具体的技术,技艺,为可数名词。
如:Advanced techniques are adopted to farming in this area. 这个地区将先进技术应用于农业生产。
technician 限于指某一特定行业中的技术人员,技工等。
technologist 指工业技术方面的专家。

21. conclusion n. ①结论,推论 [同] inference ②结束,终结 [同]close, end ③议定[同] agreement

[例句] Don't make conclusion hastily. 不要匆忙下结论。

[记 忆 法] 派生法: conclude v. 结束,议定 concluding adj. 结束的,最后的; conclusive adj. 最后的,结论性的,确定性的; conclusiveness n. 确定性,结论性

[考 点] 习惯用法:in conclusion 最后,在结束时(总结性话语)come to/reach/draw the conclusion 得出结论come to a conclusion结束
Everybody is trying to bring the matter to an early conclusion.每个人都在努力,以使事情早日了结。
I will in conclusion say a few words about discipline.最后,我简单地谈一下纪律问题。

[典型考题] I found the of his book very interesting. [B]
A. condemn B. conclusion C. conduct D. confess
[试题解析] 译文:我发现这本书的结尾很有意思。condemn 谴责,指责 conduct引导,指挥 confess承认 这三个都是动词。Conclusion在本题中是"结尾(部分)"的意思

22. reporter n. ①记者 [同]journalist, correspondent ②新闻广播员 [同]announcer

[例句] The reporters of the important local media were invited to attend the event. 当地重要的传媒的记者都被邀请出席。

[记 忆 法] 派生法:report n. 报道,记事,传闻; v. 报道,报告; reportedly adv. 据报道reportage n. ①报道(工作),新闻报道 ; ②报道文体,报告文学 ; reportorial adj. 记者的,报告文学的

23.compose v. 1)构成,组成 [同] constitute, form 2)创作,作曲 [同] create, write
3)使(自己)镇定 4)调停(异议)


[例句] The chemistry teacher asked the pupil what water is composed of. 化学老师问学生水是由什么构成的。
At the age of 10 he was composing at the piano. 他十岁时就用钢琴作曲。
Try to compose yourself before the doctor gets here. 医生来这里之前,你要设法安静下来
The two leaders composed their disagreement and were soon the best of friends again. 两位领袖解决了彼此的争执,不久之后又是好朋友了。

[记 忆 法] 派生法: composer n. 作曲者,作者 composite adj. 合成的,复合的 n. 合成物composition n. 作曲,写作,作文;组成,构成 composed adj. 镇静自若

[辨析] be compose of, consist of, be made up of, constitute 和comprise:
be composed of 由……构成 (被动语态)
The class is composed of twenty boys and thirty girls.
consist of 由……构成;包含…… (主动语态)
The committee consists of ten members. 委员会由十人组成。
be made up of 由……构成 (被动语态)
Animal bodies are made up of cells. 动物的身体是由细胞组成的。
constitute (某成分)构成(某物) (主动语态)
Twelve months constitute a year. 十二个月为一年。
comprise (某物)由……构成,包含;构成 (主动语态)
Nine articles comprise Book One. 九篇文章组成了第一卷.

24. concrete n. 混凝土,adj. 具体的、明确的

[例句]:Modern buildings are made of concrete. 现代建筑是由混凝土建造的。
Physics deals with the forces acting on concrete objects. 物理学研究作用于物体上的力。
The police have nothing concrete to go on. 警方没有任何确定的东西作依据。

[辨析]:concrete 和specific
concrete 强调感官能感受到的东西,与"抽象的"abstract 构成反义词。
The professor is able to explain the abstract things in a concrete way. 这位教授能用具体的语言解释抽象的东西。
Specific 指与 general (一般地,普通的)或vague (模糊的)相对的"具体"
What you have said is too general. Please give us some specific examples. 你所讲过的过于泛泛,请给我们举几个具体的例子。

[典型考题] His proposal is very .We do not need any explanation. [D]
A. abstract B. faithful C. loyal D. concrete

[试题解析] 译文:他的提议非常具体,我们不必再解释。concrete 具体的;abstract抽象的,与后面的我们不必再解释讲不通;faithful 忠诚的,忠实的;loyal忠诚的,忠贞的

25. atmosphere n. ①空气,大气,大气层 [同]air ②气氛[同]environment, mood

[例句]:Some physicists are interested in the study of changes in the atmosphere. 有些物理学家对大气层的变化研究兴致勃勃。
We all like Mary because she can always create a lively atmosphere wherever she stays. 我们都喜欢Mary,因为她总能给她所到之处带来轻松的气氛。

[记 忆 法] 派生法:这个词是由词根atmo加上后缀-sphere(球形的,球体的)组成
请与以下词一起记:atmospheric adj. 大气的,产生奇异感的, atmospherics n. (收音机的)天线干扰,大气干扰 spherical adj. 球形的,球面的。词义联想:cone 圆锥体 cube 立方体 cylinder圆柱体 prism 棱柱体,棱形柱 pyramid 棱锥体 spheroid 椭圆体

[典型考题] The room has a stuffy. . [A]
A. atmosphere B. surface C. attitude D. altitude

[试题解析] 译文:这房间里的空气污浊不堪。 atmosphere 大气 surface表面 attitude 态度 altitude 高度

26. deadly adj.致命的 [同]deathly, fatal adv. (1)死一般地 (2)极其,非常 [同] very

[例句]:Bites from some snakes are deadly. 被某些蛇咬伤是致命的。
I'm in deadly earnest. 我是非常认真的。

[辨析]:fatal, deadly, lethal 和mortal:
fatal adj. 致命的,不幸的,用来形容一切可以导致死亡的事物,含有命中注定的意味。
The wound proved fatal; he died next day .后面证明这是致命伤,他第二天便死了。
deadly adj. 致命的,致死的,用于可能致死的事。如负伤,毒药,武器等。也可指希望或企图造成某人的死亡。
Fog is the sailor's deadliest enemy. 大雾是航海者的死敌。
lethal adj. 致命的,致死的,指含有造成死亡的事物,也可指造成死亡的目的。
She took a lethal amount of poison and died.她服了致命剂量的毒药死了。
mortal adj. 致命的,适用于致死的直接原因,但不能用以形容致命之武器,因武器所引起的创伤才是致死的直接原因。
He was struck down by a mortal blow upon the head. 他头上受致命一击而倒下了。

[典型考题] The shock was to him. [B]
A. dead B. deadly C.deal D. debt

[试题解析] 译文:这次打击对他来说是致命的。deadly 指极其危险的,有可能引起死亡的;deed 死的,无感觉的;deal是动词"处理、安排",常和with连用;debt欠债,债

27. gas. n. (1)煤气 (2)气体 (3)(美语)石油 [同] gasoline

[记 忆 法] 复合词:gasburner. n. 煤气灶 gasfield n. 天然气田地 gasman n. 煤气工人,煤气收费员 gasproof adj. 防毒气的,不透气的 gaswell n. 天然气井
联想记忆:oxygen 氧气 hydrogen 氢气 nitrogen 氮气 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 carbon monoxide 一氧化碳

[考点]习惯用法: turn on the gas 打开煤气 turn out/off the gas 关掉煤气 step on the gas 加油门

28. survive vt (1)比……活得长 [同]outlive, live longer than (2)幸免于…… [同]come though
vi. 幸存下来

[例句]:He survived his wife for many years. 他在妻子死后还活了许多年。
Only a few passengers survived the shipwreck. 只有几名乘客在海难中幸存。
Many strange customs have survived from earlier times. 有许多古怪的习俗源远流长。

[记忆法] 派生法:survival n. (1)幸存,生存 (2)幸存的人(或物)

[辨析]:survive, persist, endure 和last :
survive vi. 指继续生存,幸存下来 vt.指比……活得长,幸免于难
The old lady survived her husband. 这位老妇人比她丈夫活得长。
Only twenty people survived the traffic accident.这场交通事故中只有二十人幸免于难。
Persist v. 坚持,持续,主张。作缓和语气时指事物超过人们期望它终止的时刻而继续存留。有时带贬义指烦人、固执地坚持。
On the tops of very high mountains snow persists throughout the year. 高山顶峰,积雪终年不化。
He persisted that he was innocent of the crime. 他坚持说他是无辜的。
endure v. 忍耐,忍受,为"last"比较正式的替代词,常为褒义。
His fame will endure forever. 他的声名永垂不朽。
The traditional siesta helped us to endure the broiling summer days of the tropics.传统的午睡可以帮助我们忍耐热带地区炎热灼人夏天。
last v. 延续,持续,维持,特指某事物的继续存在。
As long as life lasts, there is the struggle of existence.只要有生命存在,就有生存竞争。
How many days will our food last?我们的食物可以维持多久?

[典型考题] Without water, how long can a man out? [C]
A. late B. continue C. last D. survive

[试题解析] last (out) 持久,经受住

29. as far as … be concerned: to the degree that it matters to sth. /sb. 就……而言,对……来说。

[例句]:As far as we are concerned, you can come whenever you want.
就我们而言,你想什么时候来就什么时候来好了。
As far as the color is concerned, I prefer this car.
就颜色而言,我更喜欢这辆轿车。

30. program n. (1)程序 [同] procedure (2)计划,大纲 [同] plan (3)节目(单)
vt. 1)计划或安排某事物、2)为……编程序


[例句]:What is the program for tomorrow?明天的安排是什么?
A development program would include a number of regional projects. 一项发展计划包括一系列地区性工程。
A trip to the museum is programmed for next Tuesday. 已计划下星期二去参观博物馆。
The video is programmed to switch itself on at ten o'clock. 这台录像机已调好在十点钟自动开机。

[辨析]:program, project, enterprise, operation 和undertaking (这组词均指为实现明确目标而实施的工程、规划、计划等):
program n. 集体工作,计划,这个词更为抽象。
project n. 规划,设计;工程。这个词是一个普遍用语,可指人人也可指团体之计划、方案。
The government's motorway construction project is being carried out. 政府建筑公路的规划正在实施之中。
enterprise n. 企业,计划;重要而艰难或危险的工作;公司,商业活动。非正式词,可指没有明确目标的即兴计划,具冒险因素。
Watch-making and banking are the chief enterprise of the country. 手表制造业和银行业是该国的主要企业。
operation n. 工作,操作,活动,管理,军事行动,手术。
The operation of this machine is very simple. 这机器很容易操作。
undertaking n. 任务,事业;计划。指重要的预先计划,具有完成之可能。
They agreed to the undertaking only after exhaustive discussion of other alternatives.在经过对其他变通办法的彻底讨论后,他们终于同意了这项计划。