（一）重点词汇和短语
1． blame n. & vt. 责怪
[例句] They blame the high inflation rate for the collapse of the economy.
他们把经济失败归晷于高通货膨胀率。
[记忆法] 派生法：blameless adj. 无可挑剔的 blameworthy adj. 该受责备的
[考点]习惯搭配：blame someone for (doing) something 或 blame something on someone.
为某事责怪某人
They blame the obstacle in negotiation on the other party. 他们把谈判的障碍归咎于另一方。
be to blame for (doing) something 是……的责任
That driver is to blame for the accident. 这次事故是那个司机的责任。
put the blame on someone 责备某人。
Don't put the blame on us. It's not our fault. 别怪罪我们，不是我们的错。
[辨析]blame, scold, condemn和 criticize：
blame 是一般意义上的"责怪"，认为是某人的错误，但并不包含以言语责骂之意。
scold 一般指长辈对小辈，上级对下级的比较严厉的"训斥"，有"唠叨"的意思
He was severely scolded by his father for breaking the glass. 因为他打碎了破璃，被父亲严厉的训斥了一顿。
condemn 指正式场合下的"谴责"甚至"判罪"
The prisoner was condemned to death. 犯人被判处死刑。
criticize 指的是"指出某人的错误"。但在某些场合下不一定是否定的意思，即它可以作"评论"讲，尤其是文学作品的评论。
[典型考题]The child was not to for the accident. [A]
A. blame B. blamed C. blaming D. be blamed
[试题解析]译文：这孩子不该为这次事故负责。be to blame 过错（用主动形式表被动意义） 2．
praise n. & v. 表扬、夸奖
[例句] Everyone is singing the praises of his new book, but I don't think
much of it. 每个人都对他的新书大肆吹捧，我却不觉得它怎么样
The committee praised her for her contribution to charity work. 委员会为她对慈善事业做的贡献表扬。
[记忆法] 派生法：praises n. 夸奖，赞美之辞; praiseworthy adj. 值得表扬的
[考点]习惯搭配：praise someone for something 为……表扬某人 ; sing the praises of 大肆吹捧;
praise sb. for sth. 因某事而表扬某人; be loud in one's praise 对某人大加赞扬; with high
praise 受到高度赞扬; give praise to 表扬
[辨析]：praise, flatter, compliment: 都有"赞扬"的意思。
praise为普通用语，用于褒义。
He praised their learning.他赞扬他们的学问。
flatter多用于贬义，含有"吹捧，奉承"等意思。
He flattered her about her cooking.他吹捧她的烹饪技术高。
compliment指由于礼节或想鼓励某人而赞扬。
The government complimented the soldiers on their bravery.政府称赞士兵们的勇敢。
3．profit n. (1)利益，好处 (2)利润 (3)得利，对……有好处 v. 获益
[例句] There's no profit in running a cinema in this town. 这个镇里电影院是无利可图。
What's the profit of doing that thing? 做这事的好处是什么？
Jim makes profits by buying and selling stocks. 吉姆靠买卖股票获利。
He profited greatly from his year abroad. 他在国外一年获益匪浅。
[记忆法] 派生法：profitable adj. 有利可图的 profitability n. 有利可图 profiteer n. （贬）投机商
[辨析]：profit 和 benefit:
二个词都可以当"好处"解释，但又各有不同。
"利润"一意只能用profit；
benefit 则特指政府救济 如：unemployment benefit 失业救济金。
[考点]习惯用法: make a profit 赚钱
They make a profit of one million dollars every year. 他们每年赚一百万美元。
profit someone 对谁有好处（较正式）
It will profit you nothing to say that. 说那些对你一点好处都没有。
profit by/from 从……获得好处，受益
She has profited from her education at Peking University. 她在北大受的教育使她受益非浅。
4．exhaust v. 1)精疲力竭 2) 用完，耗尽 n. 废气，
[例句] The long cycle ride exhausted her. 她因长途骑车而疲惫不堪。
He exhausted himself in the attempt. 他因十分努力而精疲力竭。
He soon exhausted money supply. 他很快用完了他的积蓄。
The car exhaust is harmful to human being. 汽车废气对人类有害。
[记忆法] 派生法：exhaust vt. (1)使精疲力竭 (2)用光 n. （汽车尾部的）排气管 exhaustion n. 精疲力竭、耗尽
exhaustive adj. 彻底的，详尽的
[辨析]：tired, weary, tiresome, exhausting ,exhausted: 都有"疲倦"的意思。
tired普通用语，疲倦的程度最弱。
You are tired after your journey.你旅行后很疲劳。
weary表示比较强烈的困乏，原因是由于连续不断地用脑、用力或重复进行而引起的。
They departed sad and weary.他们悲伤而又疲倦地离开。
tiresome着重指单调或没有活力而引起的精神压抑和伴随的身体不适。
Working in the garden all day is very tiresome.整天在园子里干活使人极其疲劳。
exhausting 为"令人精疲力竭的"
After such a long and exhausting day the only thing she wanted was a good
night's sleep. 经过这样漫长而疲劳的一天，她只想好好睡一宿。
exhausted的语气最强，指因劳累过度，精力耗尽，无力再做别的事情, 修饰人.
Mr. Adams was exhausted by the hustle and bustle of city life.亚当斯先生被城市生活的紧张忙碌弄得筋疲力尽。
5．waitress n. 女服务员
[例句] The waitresses are graduates from the local vocational school. 这些女服务员都是从当地职校毕业的。
[记忆法] 派生法: -ress 作后缀表示女性：air stewardess n. 空中小姐 hostess n. 女主人 以前曾用过的类似poetess
（女诗人）的词，因受到女权主义者的反对，慢慢地停止了使用，现统称poet
6．load v. 装载、装货 n. 担子，重载
[例句]The ship will set sailing once the workmen finished loading cargoes
on to it. 这只船在工人们装完货之后就要启航。
We're still loading. 我们仍在装货。
Your arrival took a load off my mind. 你的到来使我如释重负。
The tractor has a full load of wheat. 拖拉机满载一车小麦。
[记忆法]课文中出现的loaded 是由动词load 加-ed 变成形容词满载……的，装满……的
[考点]习惯搭配：load someone/something with something 装满
They loaded the truck with furniture. 他们把卡车装满了家具。
a load of 或 loads of 很多的
She's got loads of books. 她有很多书。
[典型考题]They the van furniture. [C]
A. loaded, down B. loaded, up C. loaded, with D. loaded, of
[试题解析]译文：他们往卡车上装满了家具。a load of sth. 大量的 be loaded with 被装上 load down (with
sth.) 使负担…… load up 装上，装满 load with 装上……
7．weary adj. 疲惫的，厌倦的
[例句] They felt weary after all their hard work. 他们把所有的累活儿都干完后感到筋疲力尽。
It's a weary journey. 这是一次令人厌倦的旅程。
[考点]习惯搭配：be weary of 对……感到厌烦
I'm weary of the long journey. 我对这长途旅行感到厌烦。
He began to be weary of the research work. 他开始对研究工作感到厌烦。
weary somebody with something 用……使某人厌烦
My little brother wearies me with his silly questions. 我的小弟弟总是问些愚蠢的问题让我心烦。
[典型考题]After a long ride, the motorist finally got to the end。 [B]
A. wounded B. weary C. credible D. tired
[试题解析] 译文：经过长时间的累人的驾驶，摩托车终于到达终点。wounded 受伤的；weary（人）疲倦的，累人的（事情），weary
可修饰人，也可修饰事情；tired 通常只修饰人；credible 可信的，不合题意。
8．discouraged adj. 灰心的，泄气的
[例句] Don't let failure discourage you. 不要为失败泄气。
His friends tried to discourgae him from sailing along. 他的朋友们给他独自一人驾船出行泼冷水。
[记忆法] 派生法：discourage v. 使泄气 discouraging adj. 使灰心的 encourage vt. 鼓励 courage
n. 勇气 courageous adj. 勇敢的
[考点]习惯搭配：discourage someone from doing something (注意不能说 discourage someone
to do something) 使某人不愿做某事
The bad situation discourages people from depositing money in the bank.
糟糕的局势使人们不愿把钱存入银行。
discourage doing something. （注意不能说 discourage to do something）禁止做某事 Beijing
has discouraged smoking in all public places. 北京已经禁止在一切公共场所吸烟。
９. make out: write out开出 列出
[例句] Robert stared at the long reading list the professor had made out
for him.罗伯特盯着教授给他开出的长长的书单看。
Mary usually makes out a shopping list before she goes to the supermarket.玛莉通常在去超级市场之前先开出一份购物清单。
10．quit v. (1)停止 (2)放弃，辞职
[例句] The doctor said I'd better quit smoking. 医生说我最好戒烟。
He has quit his job. 他已经辞职。
[辨析] quit 的意思和 stop, give up 一样，但是更口语化一些，用在非正式场合较多quit to do something
停下来，去做别的事
He has quitted to start his own business. 他已辞了职，开始自己做生意。
[典型考题]He decided to the job after he quarreled with the manager。 [D]
A. stop B. block C. loosen D. quit
[试题解析]译文：他同经理吵了一架后决定辞职。stop 停止，可以说stop working （停止工作）但不能说stop the job
stop 后可接动名词或不定式但不接名词；block 堵塞；loosen 松弛，放松；quit 停止，放弃，通常指自愿放弃。
11．hand v. 1）递给，2）传递某物
[例句] Please hand this book. 请把这本书递给我。
Most of my clothes were handed down to me by my older brother. 我的衣服大多是我哥哥传给我的。
[考点]习惯搭配：hand in 上交
You must hand in your essay before June 19. 你必须在6月19日以前把论文交上来。
hand out 分发
He's handing out copies of the article. 他正在分发那篇文章的复印件。
hand over 移交
On July 1 1997, the British government handed over Hong Kong to the Chinese
Government. 1997年7月11日，英国政府把香港交还给了中国政府。
12．tiredness n. 疲惫
[例句] He hopes to have a long sleep to get rid of the tiredness. 他希望可以大睡一觉消除疲劳。
[记忆法] 派生法：tire v. 疲劳、倦于 tired adj. 疲劳的 tireless adj. 不知疲倦的 tiresome adj.
使我厌烦，使我厌倦的
[考点]习惯搭配：be tired of 对……感到厌倦
I'm tired of your complaining. 我对你的牢骚话感到厌倦。
be tired from 因……而疲劳
He was tired from a long day's hard work. 他因为拼命干了一整天的活而疲惫不堪。
13．vanish v. 消失
[例句] The strange animal vanished soon in the darkness. 这只奇怪的动物很快消失在夜色中。
[记忆法]与同义词disappear 一起记忆
[辨析]：varnish v. 上清漆
14．spirit n. (1)精神，心灵 [同]soul (2)活力，情绪
[同]mood (3)勇气 [同]courage (4)烈酒、酒精 [同] liquor
[例句] He is troubled in spirit. 他内心苦恼。
He answered with spirit. 他回答得很有劲。
Although they lost, the team played with tremendous spirit. 那队输是输了，但却表现了极其顽强的精神。
I don't drink spirits. 我不喝烈酒。
[记忆法]与下列词一起记：spirited adj. 激烈的，烈性子的 spiritless adj. 无精打采的，懒洋洋的
[辨析]：in spirit 精神上 in spirits 兴致勃勃
15．flower n. 花 v. 开花
[例句] The plan has a brilliant purple flower. 那棵植物开着一朵鲜艳的紫花。
These plants will flower in the spring. 这些植物到了春天就开花。
[记忆法]派生词：flowerbed n. 花圊 flowered adj. 装饰成花形的 flowering n. 花盆 flowery
adj. (1)缀有花饰的 (2)堆砌词藻的
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