16.
only too：very 非常，十分
[例句] We are only too pleased to be able to help.我们能帮上忙，实在非常高兴。
They are only too happy to get home.他们回到家，十分高兴。 17．apply
v. (1)申请 (2)应用 (3)涂 (4)适用
[例句] He is trying to apply for scholarship offered by that university.
他正试图申请到那所大学的奖学金。
This new technique has been applied to industrial production. 这种新技术已被应用于工业生产中。
Please apply the glue to both surfaces. 请两面都涂上胶水。
What I have said applieds only to some of you. 我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人。
[记忆法] 派生法：application n. 申请 applicant n. 申请人 applicable adj. 适用的，应用的 applied
adj. 应用的
[考点] 习惯用法 apply for 申请； be applied to 被应用于； apply oneself 努力，勤奋
You could have got a better grade. Why didn't you apply yourself? 你本可以考得再好些的，你为什么不努力呢？
[典型考题]If you yourself to the job in hand, you'll soon finish it。 [C]
A. request B. appeal C. apply D. claim
[试题解析]译文：如果你对手上的活尽点心的话，你很快就能做完。apply oneself to 表示努力进行，致力于；request 要求，请求；appeal
呼吁；claim 声称，要求
18．criticism n. 批评
[例句] I have two criticisms of your plan. 我对你的计划有两条批评意见。
[记忆法] 派生法：criticize v. 批评 critical adj. 挑剔的 critic n. 批评家。
[考点] 习惯用法 to criticize someone for (doing) something 为……批评某人
The governor criticized the press for making a fuss over the president's
affair. 州长批评报界对总统的婚外情大肆渲染。
criticize 不仅是"批评"也可以当"评论"的意思
Would you like to read and criticize this new book? 你愿意读读这本书并作出评论吗？
[典型考题]Your frank of his attempts annoyed him。 [D]
A. critic B. conclusions C. comments D. criticisms
[试题解析] 译文：你对他的尝试作出的坦白批评使他厌烦。criticism 批评；critic 批评家，评论家；conclusion 结论，若说"结论使人厌烦"，意思不明确；comment
评论，解说
19．pleasure n. 喜悦
[例句] It's my great pleasure to work with you. 和你共事是我莫大的喜悦。
[记忆法] 派生法：pleasant adj. 招人喜欢的 please v. 使……高兴 pleased adj. 高兴的 pleasing
adj. 令人愉快的，令人满意的 pleasurable adj. 令人享受的
[考点]习惯搭配：take pleasure in （较正式）从……得到满足
I take great pleasure in traveling around the world. 我非常喜欢在世界各地旅游。
with pleasure 乐意效劳
Would you please pick up my laundry on your way back? With pleasure. 你不能在回来的路上帮我取一下洗的衣服？乐意效劳。
[典型考题] Thank you for helping me。 It's a . [A]
A. pleasure B. delight C. joy D. enjoyment
[试题解析] 译文：谢谢你帮我的忙。不用谢，不必客气。It is a pleasure. 不客气，是用于对感谢的答语；pleasure 意义最广，感官对外界刺激而感受的喜悦与满足，含蓄而持久，也有享乐之意；delight
指突然发生"喜形于色"的快乐，程度比 pleasure 强，不如pleasure 缓和稳定；joy欢乐，乐趣，比delight
持续时间长，较强烈；enjoyment 程度较轻，强调行为或乐事本身，而不是感情。
20. not much of a: not a very good 不怎么样的算不上是……的
[例句] He isn't much of a scholar.他算不上是什么学者。
The food was so-so. It wasn't much of a dinner.那顿饭很一般，算不上是一顿美餐。
21．lonely adj. 1)孤单的，寂寞的 2) (指地方) 偏僻的
[例句] I live all alone but I never feel lonely. 我虽单身一人生活，但从不感孤寂。
Antarctica is the loneliest place on earth. 南极是地球上最偏远的地区。
[记忆法] 派生法：lone adj. 孤单的，单独的 alone adj. 一个人的，没有伴的 lonesome adj. （非正式）感觉寂寞的
[辨析] alone, solitary, lone, lonesome:
alone既不表示好，也不表示坏
He likes playing video games when he's alone. 他一个人的时候喜欢玩电子游戏。
He lives alone.他一个人住。
solitary 和lone表示东西时，就是"只有一个"的意思 如：
There is a solitary/lone chair in the room.屋里只有一把椅子。
但是用于人的时候，这两个词和lonely, lonesome一样，有"寂寞"，"愁闷"的意味。-Do
you have time to come over for a chat?
-I am feeling a bit solitary/lonely/lonesome.你有时间过来聊聊天吗？我觉得有点儿寂寞。
22. fish out: find after searching 找出
搜出
[例句] She fished out a bunch of keys from her handbag.她从书包里翻出一串钥匙。
At last she fished out the picture she was looking for .她终于找出了那张照片。
23. ability n.能力
[例句] He has the ability to do the work. 他有做这项工作的能力。
[记忆法] 派生词: able adj. 有能力的; unable adj.不能的，没有能力的 enable v.使……有能力 disable
v.使……残废 disabled adj.残废的
[考点]注意反义前缀的不同搭配：able-unable, ability-inability.
[典型考题]I did the work to the best of my . [B]
A. capacity B. ability C. abilities D. the ability
[试题解析]译文：对这份工作我尽了最大的力了。说某人具有某种能力时，ability后用不定式。做某人的"整体能力"解时，ability是不可数名词；意为"某种能力"时，ability为可数名词。
24. chary adj.谨慎的。
[例句] Banks are usually chary of lending money. 银行对于贷款通常都较谨慎。
[辨析]：cautious, prudent, wary, chary, careful这几个词都有"谨慎"，"小心"的意思。
cautious通常表示因为害怕发生危险的"谨慎"如：
He is a very cautious diver.他是个谨慎的司机。
He is very cautious about offering advice.他十分谨慎，从不轻易给别人提建议。
prudent和cautious是一对同义词 如：
Being prudent, he made further investigations before making a decision,因为谨慎的缘故，他在决定以前又作了一番深入调查。
circumspect是在行动以前作一番详细的调查、斟酌，并设想一切可能的后果 如：
You should be circumspect in choosing your future husband.在选择未来的丈夫时，你应该十分谨慎。
wary强调的是警觉地关注并逃避一切可能存在的危险 如：
The rats are very wary of the mouse traps.老鼠对于老鼠夹子非常警觉和谨慎。
chary侧重于在给予、表态、行动方面�"不情愿"。如：
They are chary of investing such an amount of money in the risky business.他们对于在那项风险很大的生意中投资态度很谨慎。
careful是一个比较广泛的词，表示"仔细"，以免遭受损失 如：
You should be more careful with your money.你应该对你的钱更精心看管一些。
[考点]习惯用法：chary of, chary about
25. compliment n.赞扬、夸奖
[例句] My friends complimented my mother on the excellent meal she cooked.
我的朋友为了那顿美餐对我妈妈大加赞赏。
[记忆法] 派生法： complimentary adj.表扬的、赞赏的 uncomplimentary adj.批评的，贬义的 compliments
n.祝福
[考点]习惯搭配：to compliment someone on something.为了某事而赞扬某人
[辨析]：flatter, compliment和praise：
flatter表示虚伪地，出于某种目的的"奉承"
He flattered his boss on her dressing style.他对他老板穿着的品味大加吹捧。
compliment则和praise一样，是一般的"赞扬"、"表扬"之意。但praise更多见于上级表扬下级，长辈表扬晚辈。
flatter还有一个比较特殊的意思
The picture flatters her.这张照片照得比她本人好看。
[典型考题]Columbus discovered America but did not the new continent. [D]
A. expose B. explode C. exploit D. explore
[试题解析] 译文：哥伦布发现了美洲，但未对此新大陆进行探查。explore探测，考察；expose暴露，揭露；explode爆炸，爆发；exploit开拓，开发，剥削
26. gracefully adv.大大方方地；优美地
[例句] She dances gracefully.她的舞姿优美
[辨析]：graceful和gracious
graceful一般用来描述身体的动作或形状，意即"优美的"，"优雅的"，如：
graceful也可用来形容人的风度，尤其是在失败或道歉的时候表现出的宽宏大度, 是用来形容人的风度，意�"谦和的"，"仁慈的"，多表示上级对下级，如上帝、皇帝成员等的"仁慈"如：
The queen thanked them graciously.女王以谦和的态度感谢了他们。
27. defensive adj.防御性的
[例句] She is very defensive about her part in the affair. 她极力掩盖她在此事中充当的角色。
When asked to explain her behaviour, she gave a very defensive answer.
有人问她为什么 要这样做，她则极力为自己辩解。
[记忆法] 派生法：defend vt.(1)保卫、防卫 (2)为……辩护; n.(1)防御、保卫 (2)防务，工事（多用复数）; defendant
n.被告; denfensable adj.可以保卫的、可以被辨护的
[考点]习惯搭配：in defence of…保卫……
He spoke in defence of his country.他为他的国家辩护。
defend…against/from保护……免遭……
We must defend our country from nuclear attacks.我们必须保卫我国免遭核战争。
另外，动词defend后只能加名词或动词，不能加不定式
defend something/doing something (正) defend to do something (误)
28. embarrassed adj.尴尬的
[例句] I was embarassed by his comments about my clothes. 他评论我的衣服使我很尴尬。
[辨析]：embarrassed尴尬的; embarrrassing使人感到尴尬的
That was a very embarrassing situation.那真是个令人尴尬的局面。
[典型考题]He felt by his lack of money when his friend asked him for help.
[C]
A. embraced B. worried C. embarrassed D. embodied
[试题解析] 译文：当他的朋友请求援助时，他因缺钱而窘迫。embrace拥抱；worried焦急的（意思上与本题不合）；embody表/体现，包含
29. shrug off：dismiss something as unimportant耸耸肩不予理睬
[例句] He shrugged off his fellow workers' compliment and went on with his
work.他耸耸肩对同事的赞美之辞不予理睬，又继续工作了。
The naughty boy shrugged off his teacher's scoldings.那淘气的小男孩对老师的批评不予理睬。
[典型考题]He just off the pain and gets on with his job. [C]
A. shrieks B. shrinks C. shrugs D. shudders
[试题解析]译文：他耸耸肩对疼痛不在意，又继续工作了。shriek尖叫；shrink缩水，退缩；shudder颤抖。这三个词用在句中不仅意义不符，它们也不与off搭配。
30. surprisingly adv.令人惊讶地
[例句] She looked surprisingly well. 她看上去身体好极了。
[考点]习惯搭配：to take someone by surprise使某人吃惊，突然袭击
The news of wedding took us all by surprise.她结婚的消息使我们全都大吃一惊。
to one's surprise使某人惊讶的是
Much to my surprise, they said they had offered the job to someone else.使我吃惊的是，他们说已经把那份工作给了别人。
[辨析]：surprising使人吃惊的 surprised感到吃惊的
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