31. difficult adj.（1）困难的，艰难的 （2）（指人）不易相处的，执拗的
[例句] It's difficult to complete the work youself. 你独自完成这项工作是困难的。
Don't be difficult, just lend us the money. 别为难人了，还是把钱借给我们罢。
[记忆法] 派生法：difficulty n.困难 [同]hardship trouble
[考点]习惯搭配：have/find difficuly (in) doing something使……事情遇到了困难
She had great difficulty in solving the maths problem.她在解答那道数学题时遇到了很大的困难。
in difficulty处于困境
The company is in great financial difficulties.公司财政处于困境之中。
32. pass on：give/convey to another转达
[例句] I passed on his message to Mr. Brown.我向布朗先生转变达了他的口信。
He made a quick phone call to pass on his congratulation.他立刻打了个电话以转达祝贺。
33. spiteful adj.恶意的，怨恨的
[例句] He is just being spiteful. 他心怀恶意。
[考点] 习惯用法 in spite of尽管，虽然（同despite）
In spite of the heavy rain they worked in the fields.尽管天下雨，他们还是在地里干活。
34. remark n.评语，评论 vi.评说，评论 vt. (1)评论说
(2)注意到
[例句] Critics remarked that the play was not original. 评论家指出该剧缺乏创意。
All of us remarked the likeness between father and son. 我们都注意到父子之间的相似之处。
He made a few remarks on the problem. 他就这一问题讲了几句话。
[记忆法] 派生法：remarkable adj. (1)显著的 (2)异常的 (3)值得注意的 remarkably adv.明显地，显然，非常
[考点]习惯搭配：remark on 注意到，就……发表评论
Everyone remarked on the minister's indifference to this event.每个个都注意到了部长对这次事件置若罔闻的态度。
35. comment v. & n.评论，发表意见 [同]remark
[例句] Asked about the date of the election, the Primc Minister commented
that no decision had yet been made. 首相对询问选举日期一事称尚未作出决定。
Have you any comments to make on the recent developments? 你对最近的事态发展有什么评论吗？
[记忆法] 派生法：commentary n.评论，评述，解说 commentator n.（体育比赛的）解说员
[考点]习惯搭配：comment about something对于……的评论
They made some favorable comments about the new students.他们对于那个新生给予了较好的评价。
to comment on/upon就某事发表评论
The governor refused to comment on the rumors of his resignation.州长拒绝对关于他辞职的谣言发表评论。
[典型考题]The incident evoked some in the press. [A]
A. comments B. commands C. committees D. commissions
[试题解析] 译文：这个事件引起了新闻界的一些评论。comment评论；command命令；
committee委员会，全体委员；commission指委员会，委托，代办
36. rewarding adj.值得（做）的，报答的
[例句] Gardening is a very rewarding pastime. 园艺是非常有益的消遣。
[考点] 习惯用法 to reward someone with something.用某物报答某人
He rewarded the little boy with 10 dollars for bringing back the lost
dog.他因为小男孩把走失的狗领回来而奖给他十美元。
37. effort n.努力，辛苦 [同]exertion, pains
[例句] They lifted the heavy rock without effort. 他们没费劲就把那块沉重的石头抬起来了。
His efforts were much appreciated. 大家都夸他很努力。
[记忆法] 派生法：effortless adj.不费劲的
[考点]习惯搭配：effort后面常用to do结构作定语，而不是用of doing结构作定语
They made a lot of effort to lift the big trunk. 他们费了很大劲抬起那个大箱子。
[典型考题]Please make an to get there on time. [B]
A. effect B. effort C. efficiency D. effects
[试题解析]译文：请尽量准时到那儿。make an effort固定搭配, 尽量。effect作用，效果；efficiency效率；effects特技。
38. unmentioned adj.不被提起的
[例句] These questions will be unmentioned at the meeting. 会议上将不涉及这些问题。
[考点]习惯用法：not to mention更不用说（后面加名词或动名词）
They have two baby girls to look after, not to mention the three dogs
and two birds.他们要照顾两个小女娃娃，更不要说那三只狗和两只鸟了。
Don't mention it.不客气。（对于别人致谢的答词）。
Thank you for all the troubles you went to for me. Don't mention it."谢谢你为了我花了那么多的力气。""不用客气"。
Make no mention of不提（正式用语）
He made no mention of having seen the movie.他没提到已经看了那部电影。
the above-mentioned（加名词）上述
Due to the above-mentioned reasons, they delayed the trip.因为上述原因，他们推迟了旅行。
39. glorious adj.（1）光荣的 （2）壮丽辉煌的
[例句] They won glorious victories. 他们赢得了辉煌的胜利。
[记忆法] 派生法 glory n.光荣，荣誉
[辨析]：splendid, gorgeous, glorious, superb:这些词都有"壮丽"，"辉煌"的意思。
splendid表示"超乎寻常"的壮观
The royal wedding was a splendid occasion.那次皇室的婚礼是一次极为壮观的盛典。
gorgeous侧重于"华彩"，"辉煌"，特别是当颜色丰富时
She wore gorgeous red dress at the party.她在晚会上穿了一件绚丽的红裙子。
glorious表示"达到美之极至"，或与众不同的"光荣"，"辉煌"
They watched the glorious sunset over the ocean.他们看着在海平面上辉煌美丽的日落的景色。
superb暗指："气派非凡"，"高级的"之意 The three-star restauran offers
superb cuisine.那家三星级的餐馆做的食物非常出色。
40. perfect adj.完美的，十足的 v. 使(某事物)完美、完善或完备
[例句] Nobody is perfect. 人无完人。
He speaks perfect English. 他说一口地道的英语。
She needs to perfect her Arabic before going to work in Cairo. 她需要把阿拉伯语学好才能到开罗工作。
[记忆法] 派生法：perfection[ ]n.完美 perfectly[ ]adj.（1）完全地 [同]completely（2）绝对地
[同]absolutely
[考点]perfect虽然是形容词，但是不能用程度副词very来修辞，也不可以用在比较级和最高级中。
41. particularly adv.特别地，尤其地
[例句] I like all her novels, but her latest is particularly good. 她的小说我都喜欢，最新一部尤其好。
Be carticularly careful when driving at night. 晚上开车要特别小心。
[考点]习惯用法in particular 特别，尤其
I made a mark on his application form in particular, because he had a
very unique experience.我特别在他的申请表上做了一个记号，因为他有非常与众不同的经历。
[辨析]：special, especiaql, specific, particular和individual:
special表示具有与众不同的特质，身分，性格，用途等
These passengers require special meals.这些乘客需要特殊的饭菜。
especial表示高人一等的"优先权"
This is a matter of especial importance.这件事情尤其重要。
specific暗指："明确的"，"具体的"
Children with that disease have specific that nutritional needs.患那种病的儿童有他们具体营养的需要。
Particular强调"特殊"性和"惟一"性
I'm going to order beer. Is there any particular强调"特殊"性和"惟一"性
I'm going to order beer. Is there any particular brand you prefer?我要点啤酒。你想不想点某个特别的牌子？
individual暗指一组或一群中的"某一个"
Each individual leaf on the tree is different.树上每片叶子都是不同的。
42. appreciate vt.（1）感激，感谢 （2）评价，欣赏，赏识
（3）理解，充分意识到
[例句] I really appreciate your assistance. 我真的感谢你的帮助。
You can't fully appreciate foreign literature in translation. 看翻译作品很难欣赏外国文学的精髓。
I appreciate that you may have prior commitments. 我体谅你可能事先已另有承诺。
I appreciate your problem, but I don't think I can help you. 我理解你的困难，但却爱莫能助。
[记忆法] 派生法：appreciable[ ]adj.能感觉得到的 appreciation[ ]n.欣赏，赏识 appreciative[
]adj.感激的，赏识的
[考点]appreciate后面应跟物，而不是跟人，如加动词-ing形式或者that引导的从句作宾语，不能加动词不定式
I appreciate your keeping the letter for me.我感谢你为我保留那封信。
I appreciate that this is quite a burden on your family.我理解这对于你家是个很大的负担。
I really appreciate it. 我很感谢。
43. tidy[ ]adj.整洁的
[例句] The desk is tidy with everything in its proper place.这张桌子很整洁，东西都各归其位。
[辩析]：neat, tidy, trim
三个词都有"整齐"，"整洁"的意思
neat更侧重于"干净"，没有灰尘或污迹
Her house is as neat as a pin.她的房子纤尘汪染。
tidy除了"干净清洁"的意思，还有"整齐"之意
trim包含着以上两个词的所有意思，此外还有"整齐的"意思
This is a trim garden.这是个整齐干净的花园。
[典型考题]She up after supper. [C]
A. tided B. tied C. tidied D. tired
[试题解析] 译文：她晚饭后收拾整齐。tided的原形是tide"潮水"；tied的原形是tie,作动词用时表示"捆，系"；tidied的原形是tidy,作动词用时表示"收拾，整理"，常与up连用；tire使疲倦，使厌烦
44. dreary[ ]adj.乏味的
[例句] It was a dreary winter day. 这是一个沉闷的冬日。
[辩析]：dismal, dreary, cheerless, bleak这些词均含有"乏味"，"不舒服"，"令人不快"的意思
dismal强调"令人抑郁"的
This is a dismal day of unrelenting rain.今天总是下雨，令人心情忧郁。
dreary侧重于乏味，无聊，使人厌倦
Scrubbing floor is a dreary work.擦地板是一项乏味无聊的工作。
cheerless强调使人心灰意冷的，使人丧失希望的
He leads a cheerless life他生活乏味，毫无希望。
bleak 暗指没有欢乐，没有舒适的荒凉，阴冷的感觉
He waited in a breakroom with plain walls and a few uncomfortable chairs.他等在一间阴冷的屋子里，这屋子四壁空空，只有几把很不舒服的椅子。
45. arrange[ ]v.安排，布置
[例句] I have arranged for a taxi.我已经订了一辆出租车。
[记忆法] 派生法：arrangement n.安排
[考点]习惯搭配：arrange for安排 arrange about安排
They have arranged about dinner.他们已为晚餐做好了安排。
arrange to do something安排好了做某事
They have arranged to pay a visit to Beijing.他们计划参观北京。
arrange+wh-从句
They haven't arranged when to hold the meeting.他们还没打算好什么时候开会。
46. wage[ ]n.工资，报酬
[例句] They demanded an increase in wages.他们要求涨工钱。
[辨析]：pay, income, salary, wages和fee
pay是指任何因为劳动所获取的报酬
The work is interesting but the pay is not very good.这工作很有意思但是报酬并不高。
income指任何定期获得的"收入"，除劳动所得外，还包括房租，利息等收入
They have no income apart form their pay.除了劳动所得的工资外，他们没有其他收入。
salary指按月支付，打进各人银行帐户的"工资"
He has a salary of 30,000 dollars a year.他年工资为三万美元。
wages 指按星期，以现金支付�"工钱",尤指干体力劳动的人收到的报酬
fee 是指专业人员（如律师，医生）收取的"费用"
They can't afford a doctor's fees.他们付不起医生的费用。
47. surely[ ]adv.当然，一定
[例句] He will surely fail. 他必定失败。
This is surely her best play. 这无疑是她最好的剧本。
[考点]在英国英语中：surely和certainly并不总能替换使用
He surely doesn't expect me to finish this within a week.但愿他没有指望我在一个星期内把这个做完。
He certainly doesn't expect me to finish this within a week.他当然没有指望我在一个星期内把这个做完。
而在美国英语中，很少用surely,而经常用其缩短的形式"sure"来代替certainly和of course,表示乐意帮助：
Can I use you hair drier?
Yes, certainly/of course/surely/sure.
"我可以用你的吹风机吗？"
"当然可以"
48. perceptive adj.敏锐的，感受力强的
[例句] The most perceptive of the three, she was the first to realize the
potential danger of their situation.她在他们 三人中最敏感，首先意识到他们处境的潜在危险。
[记忆法] 派生法：perceptible[ ]adj.可以感觉到的 perception[ ]n.感知力 perceive[ ]v.感受，感知
[考点]习惯搭配：have a good perception of对……很好的感知力
Their daughter has a good perception of colors.他们的女儿对色彩很敏感。
49. squabble[ ]v.争吵
[例句] The children constantly squabble over toys.孩子们总是为了玩具吵个没完没了。
[辨析]：quarrel, squabble, spat和tiff
quarrel指激烈的言语上的争吵
The bitter quarrel ended their friendship.那场激烈的争吵结束了他的友谊。
squabble指孩子气的，为了琐碎的小事而发生的争吵
spat指激烈的，但是很短的吵嘴，通常是为了小事
The couple averages a spat a week.这夫妇俩平均每周吵一次。
tiff指"怄气"，"闹别扭"，但后果不严重
The tiff had been forgotten by dinnertime.到了晚饭时间，就没人记得那次争吵了。
50. instead of：in place of代替，而不是，反而
[例句] Instead of fish, he ordered pork.他没有点鱼，却点了猪肉。
We will have the test in the evening instead of in the afternoon.我们将在晚上，而不是在下午考试。
We eat margarine instead of butter.我们吃人造黄油，而非好油。
Why can't Marion drive you into town instead of me?玛丽怎么不开车带你进城去，偏要我去？
Instead of moaning, why don't you act?干嘛不行动起来，别哀哀怨怨的？
[考点] instead of是复合介词，instead是一个副词，当instead做副词时，通常放在句尾。
If you don't want a holiday in Wales, why don't you go to Scotland instead?如果你不想在威尔士度假，为什么不去苏格兰呢？
[典型考题]You should be working lying there in bed. [C]
A. instead B. against C. instead of D. and
[试题解析]instead不能作为介词用；against反对，对着（介词）；and和（连词，但不符合逻辑）。
51. favorable[ ]adj.（1）有利的 （2）赞成的
[例句] He is favorable to the proposal.他赞成这项提议。
The new tax-cut policy is favorable for oil industry.这项新减税政策对石油工业非常有利。
[记忆法] 派生法：favor[ ]n.（1）好感，喜爱 （2）赞成
（3）恩惠 favored[ ]adj.有利的，受照顾的 havorite[ ]n.最喜欢的人（物）
[考点]习惯搭配：be favorable to赞成，对……有利 be favorable for对……有利
[典型考题]Having considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having
made such a
decision. [C]
A. haste B. hasten C. hasty D. favorable
[试题解析]译文：他更仔细考虑这个问题之后，非常后悔作出了草率的决定。
52.be aware of：having knowledge of认识到，明白
[例句] He said that the government was aware of the problem.他说政府已经认识到这个问题。
He is aware of the risks he is taking.他认识到了他正在冒的风险。
53. consistent[ ]adj.始终如一的，一致的
[例句] This statement is not consistent with what he said on an earlier
occasion.这活和他早些时候在另一个场合说的话不一致。
[考点]介词搭配：be consistent with和……一致
54. previous[ ]adj.（1）先前的 （2）在……之前
[例句] He was there the previous day. 他前一天在那儿。
I am unable to attend because of a previous engagement. 我因有约在先故不能出席。
[考点]介词搭配：previous to在……之前，（较正式）
Previous to 1973 there were no women members at the committee.1973年以前委员会中没有妇女成员。
[辨析]：previous, preceding, former都有"先前的"意思。
previous在时间上与现在非常接近,常指带有预备性质的行为，其对应词为subsequent.
The previous lesson was hard.前面一课很难。
preceding单指时间的顺序，与following互为对应。
The day preceding Christmas.圣诞节的前一天。
This is no more than the calm preceding a storm.这无非是暴风雨之前的暂时平静。
former一般指两者之中的前者而言，是latter的对应语。
in former times从前
He has a cat and a dog, the former is afraid of the latter.他有一只猫和一只狗，前者害怕后者。
55. improve[ ]vt.改进，改善（=make better）vi.改善，变好（=become
better）
[例句] His health is improving gradually. 他的健康状况逐渐得到好转。
They aim to improve its quality of service. 他们锐意改善服务质量。
[记忆法] 派生法：improvement[ ]n.改进，改善
[考点]习惯搭配：improve on/upon把……加以提高
The Brazil soccer team has got four world champions, and I don't think
any team will improve on that record.巴西足球队已经夺得四次世界冠军了，我想不会有其他的队能打破这个记录了。
56. be alert to：be watchful and ready
to deal with对……警觉
[例句] You must be alert to every possible danger.他必须要小心一切可能的危险。
He is alert to every sound and movement around him.他对他周围的一切声响动静都很警觉。
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