2. obtain： vt.得到,获得,买到

[例句]　The candidate traveled non-stop to obtain support for his new proposal. 这位竞选者马不停蹄地巡游以争取人们对其新主张的支持。

[辨析]get, ,obtain, achieve, gain：
get为常用词，指以任何方式得到某物，并不强调通过预先的或主观的努力。
He got a book from his father. 他从父亲那儿得到了一本书。
obtain为正式用语，指通过努力达到目的或得到希望得到的东西
They obtained what they wanted through hard work.他们经过努力，得到了他们想要的东西。
achieve vt. 达成，完成，成就，通常指克服困难后获得成功。
He can do anything in order to achieve his purposes.为了达到目的，他什么事情都做得出来。
gain比obtain更努力，多指获得有价值的、必须的和想要的东西。
In this match he gained an advantage over his competitor.在这场比赛中，他胜过了对手。

[考点]obtain除了获得、得到之意外，还有买到的意思。
Where did you obtain such a beautiful coat? 你从哪儿买得这么漂亮的上衣？

[典型考题]Don't let one failure you, try again. [A]
A. discourage B. obey C. obtain D. observe

[试题解析]译文：勿因一次失败而气馁，再试试看。discourage使气馁，使沮丧；obey服从，听众摆布；obtain获得，得到；observe遵守，奉行，后三个词都不合原句意思，只有A是对的。

3. source n. 来源，源头 根源，提供消息的人

[例句] He follows up this river and wants to find its source.他沿着这条河走，想找到它的源头。

[辨析] source和origin：
source和origin均有起始点、根源之意。Source原指"水源"，转义为源头，根源，起源（如河流，消息等）。
This piece of news comes from a reliable source.这条消息来源可靠。
Follow up this river and you will discover its source.沿这条河往上走去寻找它的源头。

origin指事物起始的时间，地点或一些具体事物的起因，此外还有出身、血统之意。介词短语by origin意为"原藉"，of…origin意为"出身于"。
Do you know the origin of their quarrel?你知道他们争吵的起因吗？
He is of noble original.他出身高贵。

4. personal adj. 亲自的，个人的

[例句]　The mayor paid a personal visit to the old man who was celebrating his 100th birthday.市长亲自探访了这位庆贺其百岁生日的老人。
The suitcase contains all his personal belongings. 箱子里装着他自己所有的东西。

[记忆法] 派生法： personable adj. 漂亮的，风度好的 personage n.名流，人物，角色 personality n. 个性，人格，人物（尤指有名的）personify vt.表现，体现；使人格化 拟（某物）为人 personification n.拟人，人格化；化身，体现，典型；等等。

[辨析] personal和personnel：
personal adj. 亲自的，个人的
personnel n.(1)指全体工作人员（总称）(2)（人事）部门

[典型考题]About the recent affair, the minister gave a highly remark. [A]
A. personal B. person C. personnel D. personality

[试题解析] 译文：就最近发生的事件，部长发表了高度个人化的评论。personal个人的；person 人；personnel人事（的），全体职员；personality个性

5. investigate vt. & vi.调查，调查研究

[例句] Scientists are investigating to find out the cause of the crash.科学家们正在调查失事的原因。

[记忆法] 派生法investigation n. 调查，调查研究 investigator n.调查者

[考点]investigate既可做及物动词，又可做不及物动词。
（1）做及物动词时:
The government officials always investigate conditions at the grass roots.政府官员经常对基层情况作调查研究。
（2）做不及物动词时，后面常加介词into:
Federal Bureau of Investigation are investigating into this affair now.目前（美）联邦调查局正在调查这件事情。

[典型考题]The police are making into the crime. [B]
A. an argument B. an investigation C. an invasion D. an invention

[试题解析] 译文：警察们正在调查犯罪。argument争吵；investigation调查；invasion侵略；invention创造，发明

6. appoint vt.　任命，委派

[例句]The President appointed a new cabinet member. 总统任命了新的内阁成员。
He was named captain of the team. 他被任命为队长。

[辨析]：appoint，name和assign:
appoint指官方委任.
He was appointed as export manager of the firm.他被任命为这家公司的出口部经理。
He was appointed mayor of the city.他被任命为这个市的市长。
name提名，任何，指定（非正式用语，一般不强调被推选的职务）
Since no one has volunteered, I hereby name the following to take charge of the matter.既然没有人自告奋勇，我指定以下几个人负责这件事情。
assign委派，分配（一般不涉及职位）
He was assigned an important mission.他分配到一个重要任务。

[考点] 习惯用法 appoint sb.(to be)+职务或appoint sb. as+职务，任命某人为……，to be 可以省略；注意职务前不加任何冠词。
appoint (+时间。地点等)to do指定或约定做某事
The time appointed for the meeting was 8 a. m.大会定于早上8点召开。

[典型考题]They him (to be) chairman. [D]
A. appreciated B. approached C. approved D. appointed

[试题解析] 译文：他们任命他为主席。appreciate欣赏，赞赏；approach走近，接近；approve赞同，赞许

7. humble adj.下贱的、地位低下的; [同]modest谦卑的[同]low;

[例句]　His humble origin did not stop his political ambition. 他出身卑微，但这并未妨碍其政治抱负。

[记忆法] 习惯用法 : humble oneself自卑，低声下气

[典型考题]Although he had the of birth, he was honored for his . [A]
A. humbleness…humility B. humility…humbleness
C. humble…humbleness D. humility…humble

[试题解析]译文：他虽然出身低贱，但他谦逊的品格为我们敬重。

8. go out of one's way (to do sth.) (1)特地地，竭尽全力地 (2)故意地

[例句] She is such a kind-hearted girl that she always goes out of her way to help others.她心地善良，总是尽力帮助别人。
All of us go out of our way to gain good marks.我们所有的人都努力取得好成绩。
She went out of her way to exaggerate the fact.她是故意夸大事实。
Don't go out of your way to make things difficult for us to do.把事情弄得让我们难办。

9． waiter n.男侍者

[记忆法] 派生法: 该词由动词wait+名词后缀er构成，表示做……的人，这类名词还可由动词+or构成。其他类似名词还有teach-teacher, write-writer, perform-performer, read-reader等。

[考点]女服务员，女招待为waitress这类名词，阳性以or或er结尾，阴性以ress结尾还有：actor男演员-actress女演员tiger虎 tigress母虎，雌老虎，等

10. dissatisfy vt.使不满; [同]displease

[例句]　What he did dissatisfied his boss. 他的所为令其上司不满。

[记忆法] 派生法: 该词由动词satisfy加前缀dis构成它的反义词。此类词还有：inherit继承
disinherit剥夺…的继承权 please高兴 displease使不高兴，使生气 possess拥有 dispossess使不再占有，剥夺 trust 相信，信任 distrust不信任，怀疑

[典型考题]Envy may us with our lot. [B]
A. disappoint B. dissatisfy C. disrupt D. dissolve

[试题解析] 译文：妒忌会使我们对自己的命运感到不满。dissatisfy指某事不能满足某人的欲望而使之不满；disappoint因希望破灭或不能实现而不愉快，使失望；disrupt打乱，此词放在句中讲不通；dissolve溶解，融化

11. threaten vt.威胁

[例句] The criminal threatened to kill their child if they didn't give him enough money。歹徒威胁他们说，如果他们不给他足够的钱，他就杀了他们的孩子。

[记忆法] 派生法:threaten由名词threat +en构成动词 名词或形容词加后缀en构成动词还有：strength n.力量 strengthen加强 fast adj.快的 fasten加快 deep adj.深的 deepen加深 wide adj.宽的 widen加宽 sharp adj.尖的 sharpen削尖，磨快

[典型考题]The terrorists to blow up the plane if their demands were not met. [D]
A. agreed B. promised C. hesitated D. threatened

[试题解析] 译文：恐怖分子扬言如果他们的要求得不到满足，就要炸毁飞机。agree同意，promise承诺；hesitate犹豫

12. reject vt.拒绝、抛弃、丢弃

[例句] Although he met some difficulties in his work, he rejected my offer of help.尽管他在工作中遇到了些困难，他也没有接受我的帮助。

[记忆法]构词联想：eject (e-向外)v.喷出（液体等），射出 ejection n.喷出物；射出物 inject (in-往里)v.注入，注射 injection n.注射，注入 object n.反对，异议

[辨析]refuse, decline和reject：
refuse拒绝（一项请求或提议）；不愿接受（所提供之物）"，语气较强，接句词或不定式。
I was refused admittance.我未获准进入。
decline强调婉言谢绝，较为客气。后接名词、动词或不定式。
We invited her to go with us, but she declined.我们邀请她来和我们一块去，但她谢绝了。
reject为及物动词，也有"拒绝"之意，但语气最强。reject常用于正式场合，有"坚决抵制，不采纳，拒不接受"之意，还有"驳回"等含义。
The court rejected the defendant's appeal for a new trial.法院驳回了被告要求重新开庭的申诉。
从常用的搭配习惯上看，这三个词都可与表示"帮助，请求，邀请"等词搭配，如offer, help, request, invitation等。但多数情况下，搭配略有不同。

[典型考题]The government the diplomatic note from Japan for its unclear attitude to the trade between two countries. [C]
A. denied B. refused C. rejected D. objected

[试题解析]deny"否认，否定"与本句意思不符。reject"拒绝，不接受"比refuse口气更强硬。object"反对，不赞成"应与介词to搭配使用。

13. error n.错误，差错

[例句] On the whole, his composition is good except some spelling errors.　除了一些拼写错误外，他的作文总体来说写法很好。

[辨析] error , mistake, fault 和blunder:
mistake最为常用，强调（意见，想法或行为上的）错误;
We all make mistakes occasionally.我们偶尔都会犯错。
error差错，谬误。为广泛用词，指与要求和标准不相符的做法。
There are some spelling errors in this essay. 这篇文章中有一些拼写错误。
fault错误，过失，毛病。主要指人的性情、行为习惯上不太严重的毛病。在用单数时，还可以指承担错误的责任。
merits and faults优缺点
blunder大错，愚笨或粗心的错误
The police made an awful blunder-they arrested the wrong man. 警察犯了荒唐大错-他们抓错了人。

[典型考题]Carelessness often leads to . [A]
A. error B. era C. erect D. errand

[试题解析] 译文：粗心大意往往铸成错误。errors指错误、失误，背离某种准则的偏差，不正确，不精确，含有某种批评指责之意；era时代，纪元；erect树立，建立，竖起，是动词；errand差使，差事。

14. leave sth. to sb. 托，委托，留给

[例句] You can leave the matter to me.你可以把这件事情交给我来办。
When I go away on business, I usually leave my key to my neighbor.我到外地出差时，通常把钥匙交给邻居保管。

15. hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑不决

［例句］She never hesitates to help others when they are in difficulties.当别人遇到困难时，她总是毫不犹豫地帮助他们。

[记忆法] 派生法：名词形式为hesitation犹豫

[考点]习惯用法：hesitate about doing sth, 对……犹豫不决 hesitate to do sth.犹豫不决做……

[典型考题]When you have difficulties in translating the article, don't to ask me. [A]
A. hesitate B. hesitant C. hesitance D. hesitation

[试题解析]hesitate为动词；B为形容词"犹豫的、踌躇的"；C、D为名词"踌躇，犹豫"。