Unit one
How To Improve Your Study Habits
 
词汇短语 1 - 2 - 3
 
 

31. rotate v.旋转,轮作


[例句] It is dangerous to rotate the blades. 转动叶片是危险的。

[记忆法] 派生法 : rotation n. (1)循环,环流 [同]circulation
(2)旋转 [同]revolution; rotary adj. 转转的 [同]revolving, turning

32. conserve vt.保存,保护 如:conserve one's energy养精蓄锐

[例句]The government proclaimed new laws to conserve the wildlife.政府颁布了新的保护野生动物法律。

33. superior adj. 较好的,优的

[例句]They were far superior in number to their enemy. 他们在人数上要大大多于敌军。

[记忆法] superior的反义: inferior下等的,较劣的。英语中还有几组由拉丁语比较级构成的意义相对的词 如:senior年长的--junior年少的 major主要的--minor次要的

[考点]习惯用法:be superior to (1)比……更高级,更好,优于
This watch is far superior to that one in quality.这块表比那块质量要好得多。
(2)地位高于
A captain is superior to a lieutenant.上尉高于中尉。

[典型考题]The reason why the company is successful is due to the fact that they produce _______ materials. [A]
A. superior B. expensive C. quantity D. a lot of

[试题解析] 译文:该公司成功的原因是由于他们生产的是优质材料。superior质好的;expensive昂贵的,expensive materials是正确的表达方式,但不符合题意;quantity数量

34. existence n.存在

[例句]With the development of the society, many new words have been brought into existence.随着社会的发展,许多新词也随之产生了。

[记忆法] 派生法 exist vi. 存在

[考点]习惯用语:in existence存在;
That kind of system is no longer in existence.那种制度已经不存在了。
This is the longest bridge in existence.这是现存的最长的大桥。

[典型考题]She likes literature and music. [D]
A. domestic B. feature C. existence D. classical

[试题解析] 译文:她喜欢古典文学和古典音乐。classical古典的;domestic国内的,家里的;feature特色,容貌;existence存在,生存

35. influence n.影响,势力,权势 vt.影响

[例句]Literature and art have a great influence on people's ideology.文艺对人们的思想有很大影响。
Don't be influenced by bad examples.勿受坏榜样影响。

[辨析]
influence和affect:
influence vt.通常指通过示范,劝说、行动等,来改变一个人的思想行为,这种变化可能是潜移默化的结果,也可指自然力的作用。
Those so-called friends of hers are a bad influence on her. 她的那些所谓的朋友对她的影响很坏。
affect vt.强调动作,暗示产生的影响如此强烈,以至能引起反应。指物时,往往表示"使……发生不良影响。"指人时,表示思想感情受外界事物的影响而激动,引起同情或羡慕等。
Overwork may affect the heart.过度劳累对心脏会产生不良影响。 36. constantly adv.不断地,经常地

[例句] He's constantly disturbing me. 他老是打扰我。

[记忆法] 派生法: 一些形容词后加后缀-ly 可构成副词 如:quick快的,迅速的--quickly快地,迅速地 frequent经常的--frequently通常地,经常地 careful认真的--carefully认真地

[考点] 习惯用法:be constant to对……坚定不够
They are constant to the communist ideals.他们对共产主义的理想坚定不够。

37. perform vt.履行,做,表演

[例句]:Everyone should perform what he has promised.每个人都应该履行自己的诺言。 He performs a part in that play.他在那部剧中扮演一个角色。

[典型考题]Our team very well in the match yesterday and won second place. [B]
A. informed B. performed C. reformed D. uniformed

[试题解析] 译文:昨天我们队表现不错,赢得了第二名。perform 行动,履行,执行,与carry out近义;inform通知;reform改革;uniform使……一致

38. talent n.才能,天资

[例句] He gave up playing the piano because he did not have much talent for music.他放弃了弹钢琴,因为他对音乐没有多少天赋。

[考点]  习惯用法 :have a talent for 有……才能
She has a talent for organization.她有组织才能。

[典型考题]This little boy is a rare as a pianist. [D]
A. expert B. authority C. skill D. talent

[试题解析] 译文:这个男孩是个罕见的钢琴天才。expert"专家",指经过专门训练,在某一方面具有某咱特殊、专门知识和技能的人;authority权威人士,指具有一定职权的人或在某一知识、学术领域具有很高威望和权威的人;skill专指"技能、技巧",可以说某人拥有某种技巧,但不能说"某人的某种技巧";talent"才能,天才,天资",一个人的能力,力量和天资,禀赋,另外还指一种特殊的天生的或培育的才能,尤指在创作上或艺术上表现的或蕴含的能力。

39. central adj.主要的

[例句]:The house was equipped with central heating system. 这间房安装了中央供热系统。

[记忆法] 派生法 : 一些名词加后缀-al可构成形容词 如:profession职业--professional职业的 education教育--educational教育的

40. above all首先,尤其是

[例句]:Never waste anything, but above all never waste time.不要浪费任何东西,尤其不要浪费时间。
He enjoys listening to music, but above all to classical music.他喜欢听音乐,尤其是古典音乐。

41.publish vt.出版,发行

[例句]This book will be published next month.这本书将于下个月出版。

[记忆法] 派生法 : publisher n.出版商 publication n.发布,出版

42. thrill vi.(使)非常激动,(使)兴奋 [同]excite

[例句] We are thrilled to learn of your success.听说你获得成功,我们很兴奋。

43. create vt. 创造,建立,创立

[例句] A novelist creates characters and a plot. 小说家塑造人物并设计作品的情节。
The outrageous book created a sensation. 那部耸人听闻的书曾轰动一时。

[记忆法] 派生法:creation n.创造,建立,产生 creative adj.有创造力的,独创的,创作的 creator n.造物主,创造者 creature n.人,生物

[典型考题]Lenin stressed that it is precisely the people who history. [C]
A. invent B. imagine B. create D.discover

[试题解析] 译文:列宁强调,正是人民创造了历史。create创造(以前从未有过的东西);invent发明,捏造,不能说发明历史;imagine想像,也不能说想像了历史;discover发现(以前已经存在的东西),显然也不是发现历史


44. countryman n.同胞

[例句] He was a hero much loved by his countrymen. 他是一个深受同胞爱戴的英雄。

[记忆法]合成法:countryman由country (n. 国家)+man (n. 人)构成。一些合成名词可由两个名词构成,如:fly苍蝇+flap (拍打)--flyflap苍蝇拍 ice冰+man人--iceman卖冰糕的人 flash闪亮物+light光,灯--flashlight手电筒,闪光信号灯

45. owe  vt. 1)欠(债等),2)把……归功于(to) 3)多亏,感激

[例句] He owed twenty pounds to his friend.他欠他的朋友20英镑。
We own all the achieved to the correct leadership of the Party.我们取得的一切成就都归功于党的正确领导。
She owes a great deal to her leader.她很感激她的领导。

[典型考题] the wise leadership of the Party, we have achieved great success during the past two decades. [A]
A. Owing to B. On account C. Because D. Due to

[试题解析] 译文:由于有党的英明领导,近二十年我们取得了巨大成就。owing to 不能用于be之后;due to常用于be或其他动词后面;on account of与because of都是介词短语,意为"由于"

46. debt n.债,欠债

[例句] If I pay all my debts I'll have no money left. 我若还清所有欠债就分文不剩了。

[记忆法]debt注意字母b不发音

[考点]习惯搭配:in debt to sb. (或in one's debt)欠某人的债,受某人的恩惠
He's always in debt to his friends.他总是欠朋友的债。

[典型考题]I'll always be to you for your help. [A]
A. in debt B. debt C. running into debt D. debts

[试题解析]译文:我总是欠你的情,因为你老帮我。be in debt是固定词组。

47. educate vt. 教育

[例句] We should educate our students how to behave. 我们应该教育学生们举止得当。 [记忆法] 派生法:education n.教育,教育法 educated adj.受过教育的,有教养的 educational adj.教育的,训练的,有教育意义的 educator n.教师,教育工作者

[典型考题]Some schools teach but fail to their students. [A]
A. educate B. instruct C. enlighten D. editorial
[试题解析] 译文:有些学校只教书而不育人。educate多指以教授和指导为手段,以培养个人的能力和品质为目的的教育,强调动机和效果;instruct指对人进行必要的技术指导、示范等;enlighten指对于不开化状态的人们的开导、启迪等,使其摆脱愚昧或错误见
解;editorial社论