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Unit one
How To Improve Your Study Habits |
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| (三)语法重点 1.虚拟语气 虚拟语气除主要用于条件句即状语从句外,还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。 1)用于主语从句,其谓语用should+动词原形(或should+have+过去分词)或只用动词原形(尤其是美国英语)。should在此是助动词,本身并无实义。这种主语从句由that所引导,常用在It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable) that…句型中。例: It is important that we should speak politely. 我们说话要有礼貌,这是很重要的。 [注]这种句型中的主语从句亦可用直陈语气,如It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week (他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明,这是很重要的。) 这种主语从句中的should有时有感情色彩。如: It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 真奇怪,他没有通知我们就走掉了。 这种主语从句还常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, ect.)that…句型中。如: It is settled that you leave us, then? 那么你离开我们已是定了的事了? 2)用于宾语从句,一种是用作动词wish的宾语从句,表示愿望,常省去连词that。这种从句的谓语动词可用过去式,表示与现在事实相反;亦可用过去完成式,表示与过去事实相反。如: I wish I wasn't going to Bristol. 我真希望不是去布城斯托尔。 E wish you had come to our New Year's party. 我们真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。 宾语从句的谓语是would+动词原形,则是一种常用的希求。如: I wish you would stay a little longer. 我希望你再待一会儿。 也可以用would rather, would sooner等表示愿望,但其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。如: I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。 另一种是谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的that从句,作为demand, suggest, propose, order, arrange, insist, command, require, request, desire等动词的宾语。 should(可省略)+动词原形主要用于以下结构的that从句中: (1)用于表示意愿、建议、命令等如下动词后的that宾语从句。 maintain坚持,主张 advice劝告 require需要 object反对 command命令 suggest建议 prefer建议 desire渴望 urge强调,促进 propose申请,提议 insist坚持 They moved that all civilians (should) be evacuated.他们建议所有平民全部撤出。 (2)有些表示建议、命令和要求的如下名词,要求引起虚拟的主语从句和同位语从句。 advice忠告 decision决定 demand要求 desire要求 insistence坚持 motion提议 necessity必要性 order命令 preference偏爱 proposal提议 recommendation推荐 requirement要求 suggestion建议 2.用助动词do表示强调: (4) It took (takes) sb. some time to do
sth.做某事花费某人多少时间。 |
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