1． making n. 成功之路

[例句] The novel The Making of a Hero attracted a large reading public in the 1950s. 小说"英语的成功之路"在1950年代吸引了大批读者。

[考点]习惯表达：be the making of sb. 使某人成功或顺利
These two years of hard work will be the making of him. 这两年的艰苦工作能把他造就成材。

２．surgeon n.外科医生

[例句] He is a heart surgeon. 他是一位胸外科医生。

[记忆法]派生记忆：surgery n.外科，外科手术，外科诊所 surgical adj.外科手术的 surgically adv.外科手术地 联想记忆：dental surgeon=dentist牙医；house surgeon驻院外科医生

[典型考题]This was highly appreciated by the patient for his successful operation. [C]
A. doctor B. physician C. surgeon D. dentist

[试题解析] 译文：由于手术非常成功，病人非常感谢这位外科医生。doctor为常用语，医生；physician内科医生；surgeon外科医生 做手术当然是外科医生，故选C。

3．resident n.居民 [同]inhabitant,

[例句] The restaurant opens to non-residents. 餐厅对非住宿者开放。

[记忆法] 派生法：reside vi.（1）居住 [同]dwell, live（2）存在于 [同]exist, consist residence n.（1）住宅 （2）居留residency n.（昔日驻海外英国官员之）官邸 residential adj.住宅区的

[考点] 习惯用法：reside in 住在……，在于……
This is the house the Judneys resided in during most of their lives.这就是悉德尼一家大半生居住的房子。
The power to change the law resides in Parliament.
修改法律的权力属于议会。

4． draw to a close意为come / bring to an end; near its end即将结束

[例句] Since the term draws to its close, we will have our final exams.
既然学期就要结束了，我们将进行期未考试。

5．conclude v.（1）结束 [同]close, end (2)下结论，推论 [同]infer (3)缔结，议定 [同]settle

[例句] After a whole day's consultation, surgeons concluded that the patient was too weak to be operated on. 经过一整天的论论，外科医生认为病人身体太弱不能动手术。
The Olympic Games is scheduled o conclude on August 23. 奥运会定于八月23日结束。
The two countries concluded a peace treaty. 两国签署了和平协议。

[记忆法] 派生法：conclusion n.结束 conclusive adj.包含一切的 conclusively adv.包含一切地

[考点]习惯用语：in conclusion在结束时，最后
In conclusion, I must say that without your love and support I couldn't have accomplished this.最后，我必须说没有你们的爱与支持，我是不可能取得这项成就的。
come to/reach/ draw conclusion得出结论
It's too early to draw the conclusion.现在下结论未免为时尚早。
come to a conclusion结束
When the holiday came to a conclusion, I found that I had added weight.假期结束时，我发现我胖了。

[典型考题]The peace negotiations were successfully . [B]
A. condemned B. concluded C. conducted D. confessed

[试题解析] 译文：和平谈判圆满结束。conclude一般指谈判，论述等达到预期的或期望的目的而终止；condemn谴责，指责；conduct引导，指挥；confess承认，坦白忏悔

6．competently adv.有能力地，能胜任地

[例句] As an experienced surgeon, Nolen is competent to perform this complicated surgery.
作为一名有经验的外科医生，诺兰能胜任地做个这个复杂的外科手术。

[记忆法] 派生法：compete v.竞争 competence n.能力，技巧 competent adj.能干的，能胜任的 competition n.（1）竞争（指行为） （2）竞争者 competitive adj.（1）竞争的 （2）好强的 competitively adv.竞争地 competitiveness n.竞争 competitor n.竞争者，竞争对手

[考点] 习惯用法：be competent for sth. / be competent to do sth. 有能力做某事
With a college certificate and several years of working experience, he is competent for the position of sales manager.
他大学毕业，又有几年的工作经验，他能胜任销售主管的职位。

7．near prep.在……近旁 [同]nearby, around adv.近，接近 [同]close adj.（1）近似的，接近的 （2）（关系）亲近的 [同]close v.靠近 [同]approach

[例句] The park is near our house. 公园在我们房屋附近。

[辨析] near和close:
二词意义上几乎相同，但在某些短语中，某一个总是放在某名词前，不能调换：
the near future不远的将来（not close）； the near distance不远的地方 （not close）; a close friend密友（not near）； a close contact 紧密的接触（not near）

[考点]习惯用语：
be near to离……近的
Tianjin is nearer to us than Shanghai.天津比上海离我们近。
draw near……来临（不接宾语）
As Christmas draws near, people are busy buying presents for their family and friends.随着圣诞节的来临，人们都在忙着为他们的家人和朋友买礼物。

8．emergency n.紧急情况，不测之事 [同] unexpected dangerous happening

[例句] The surgeons and nurses are now working on the patient in the emergency ward.现在医生和护士正在急救室里抢救病人。

[记忆法]词根为：e(out)+merger (to dip)，派生词为：emerge v.出现，露出 emergence n.出现 emergent adj.刚出现的，新兴的

[辨析]：emergency 和emergence：
emergence出现，浮现
The emergence of many factories in this area is due to the rapid development of economy.
这一地区众多工厂的出现源于经济的迅猛发展。
emergency紧急事件

[典型考题]I keep a fire extinguisher in my car for use in a (an) . [C]
A. pressure B. urgency C. emergency D. extremity

[试题解析] 译文：我车上备有一灭火器，在紧急时使用。emergency紧急事件，紧急情况，多指具体的紧急事件；pressure压力；urgency也指紧急，急迫，但泛指紧急的行动，而本句中指具体的紧急事件，所以emergency为最佳答案；extremity极限，极度

9．encounter vt.（1）遭遇到 [同]met, confront (2)偶遇 [同]come across n.遭遇 [同]brief confrontation

[例句] He encountered many difficulties on his journey around the world. 他在环游世界的路途上他碰到了不少困难。
On the train I encountered an old friend of mine who I had not seen for ages. 我在火车上碰见一个我多年未谋面的朋友。

[记忆法]联想记忆：count (1) v.数 （2）n.计算；伯爵 counter (1)n.柜台 （2）v.反对，驳回 country n.州，郡或县

[辨析] encounter, confront, meet come across与run into：
encounter sb. /sth.遇到某人或某事
You would inevitably encounter difficulties in you work.
你在工作中会不不可避免地遇到困难。
可以说confront sb. with sth.（使某人面对某事），但不能说encounter sb. with sth.例如：
He is already a grown-up. You don't have to worry about him if life has confronted him with a lot of difficulties.
他已经是个成人了。如果生活给他提出了很多难题，你也不必为他担心。
meet遇见，相遇
I met him in the street yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我在街上遇见了他。
come across偶然遇见某人，与run into极相似，通常可以互换使用。
Whom do you think I came across yesterday? 你猜我昨天见到谁了？
He didn't expect to run into some of his friends here.
他没想到在这儿会遇到他的一些朋友。

10．dread vt. & n.恐惧，担心 [同]fear

[例句] She suffers from a great dread of heights.他有恐高症。
I dread that he will come.我怕他会来。

[记忆法] 派生法：dreadful adj.可怕的，恐怖的 dreadfulness n.可怕，恐怖 dreadfully adv.可怕的，恐怖的

11．critical [ ]adj. （1）批评的，批判的 （2）危急的，关键性的

[例句] At that critical moment, someone gave him a hand and pulled him out of the water.在那个危急时刻，有人伸给了他一只手，把他从水里拽了出来。

[记忆法] 派生法：criticism n.批评，责难 criticize v.批评 critique n.批评性文章 critically adv.

[典型考题]Your frank of his attempts annoyed him. [D]
A. critic B. conclusions C. comments D. criticisms

[试题解析]译文： 你直言不讳地批评他的意图惹恼了他。criticism批评；critic批评家，评论家；conclusion结论，若说"结论使人厌烦"，意思不明确；comment评论，解说

[辨析] critical, significant与momentous：
这三个词都有"重要的"之意，用法略有差别。
critical可指严重的，关键的，危急的，含义更广。
The patient was in a critical condition.病人处于危急状态。
significant指重大的，可能产生重大影响的。
Your success today may be significant for your whole future.
你今天的成功对你的整个未来可能产生重大影响。
momentous指极其重要的。
Waterloo was one of the most momentous battles in history.
滑铁卢之战是历史上最重要的战役之一。

12．particular adj.（1）特别的，特殊的 [同]special (2)特定的，某一的 [同]single, certain (3)挑剔的，讲究的 [同]show too much care

[例句] The bus driver is usually polite, but in this particular case he lost his temper. 这位司机通常很有礼貌，但在这件事上他发了火。
Particular attention was given to the orphan girl. 人们对这位孤女特别的关注。
Women are usually particular as to what they wear. 女人们通常对穿着较为挑剔。
[记忆法] 派生法：particularize v.详述，细述 particularization n. particularly adv. particulars n. （尤指一事件的）事实，细节 particularity n.精确，细致

[考点]习惯用语：be particular about对……挑剔
Don't bother about choosing the restaurant. I am not particular about food.不用费心去选餐馆。我对食物不挑剔。

13．case n.(1)情况，状况 [同]condition (2)事实 [同]event (3) 病例，实例 [同]instance, example (4)案例，

[例句] Emergency cases must be treated first. 紧急情况必须首先处理。
Cases of smallpox are becoming rare. 天花病例日益罕见。
The case is still under police investigation. 警察仍在调查这个案件。

[记忆法]词形联想：cassette n.盒式录音带 cash n.现金 v.兑现 cashier n.出纳员 （Am E 为teller）

[考点]习惯用语：
In this/that case如果这样/那样的话
In this case, you may be excused from the meeting. 如果情况是这样的话，那么你可以不来开会。
in case 万一
Take your umbrella with you in case it rains. 带上雨伞，万一下雨。
in any case 在任何情况下，无论如何
I will support you in any case. 不论怎样，我都会支持你。
in no case 无论如何都不，
I will allow you to do that in no case. 我无论如何都不会让你做这件事。
a case in point恰当的例子
Failure is the mother of success, a case in point is Thomas Edison. 失败是成功之母，一个恰当的例子是汤姆斯·爱迪生。
as the case may be 看情况 ，看样子
He was there when the crime happened, as the case may be. 看样子 ，案发的时候他在场。

[典型考题]You may ask your teacher difficulty. [B]
A. in any case B. in case of C. in case D. in the case of

[试题解析] 译文：万一碰到困难，你可以问老师。in case of引出的是一个条件状语，of后跟名词; in any case, in case都不合题意，参见考点。in the case of意为"就……来说，至于……"

14.relax v. (使)放松 [同]loose, ease

[例句] Sit down and relax! 坐下来，休息一下！
Come on, relax, yourself a bit in the sun. 来，到阳光下放松一下。

[记忆法] 派生法: relaxation n. 消遣，娱乐relaxing adj. 令人感到放松的 relaxed adj.感到放松的。

[典型考题]He set up a standard of perfection for himself, which seldom permitted him to . [D]
A. free B. loosen C. dismiss D. relax

[试题解析] 译文：他为自己制定了一个完善的标准，这使他难得松驰。free作动词用时，表示"使自由，解放"，如free oneself from sth.; loosen松开，放松，往往指把紧的东西放松或松开；dismiss解除，解雇，与本题意逻辑性不符；relax既指精神上的也指身体上的"松驰，放松"，符合题意。

15.constant adj. (1)坚定的，坚贞的 [同]faithful (2)恒定不变的 [同]fixed, inflexible

[例句] Headache is her constant complaint. 她常常抱怨头疼。
Temperature is at a constant 26 degrees in this hotel. 这家酒店的温度控制在26度。
He alone remains constant to the quick-tempered musician. 仅他一人对脾气暴躁的音乐家忠诚不渝。

[考点] 习惯用法：be constant to 对……坚定不移
A patriot is a person who is constant to his country. 爱国者是指那些对祖国忠贞不渝的人。

[典型考题]She became a customer of the bookshop. [B]
A. continuous B. constant C. content D. consent

[试题解析] 译文：她成为了这家书店的常客。constant经常的，不断的，constant customer常客；continuous连续，持续，不能修饰客人；content满足，甘愿，语义也讲不通；consent同意，答应。